feat(python)!: Allow all DataType objects to be instantiated

py-polars/polars/dataframe/frame.py

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
     import deltalake
     from xlsxwriter import Workbook
 
-    from polars import Expr, LazyFrame, Series
+    from polars import DataType, Expr, LazyFrame, Series
     from polars.interchange.dataframe import PolarsDataFrame
     from polars.type_aliases import (
         AsofJoinStrategy,
@@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@ def columns(self, names: Sequence[str]) -> None:
         self._df.set_column_names(names)
 
     @property
-    def dtypes(self) -> list[PolarsDataType]:
+    def dtypes(self) -> list[DataType]:
         """
         Get the datatypes of the columns of this DataFrame.
 
@@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ def flags(self) -> dict[str, dict[str, bool]]:
         return {name: self[name].flags for name in self.columns}
 
     @property
-    def schema(self) -> SchemaDict:
+    def schema(self) -> OrderedDict[str, DataType]:
         """
         Get a dict[column name, DataType].
 

py-polars/polars/datatypes/classes.py

@@ -77,19 +77,24 @@ def is_nested(self) -> bool:  # noqa: D102
 class DataType(metaclass=DataTypeClass):
     """Base class for all Polars data types."""
 
-    def __new__(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> PolarsDataType:  # type: ignore[misc]  # noqa: D102
-        # this formulation allows for equivalent use of "pl.Type" and "pl.Type()", while
-        # still respecting types that take initialisation params (eg: Duration/Datetime)
-        if args or kwargs:
-            return super().__new__(cls)
-        return cls
-
     def __reduce__(self) -> Any:
         return (_custom_reconstruct, (type(self), object, None), self.__dict__)
 
     def _string_repr(self) -> str:
         return _dtype_str_repr(self)
 
+    def __eq__(self, other: PolarsDataType) -> bool:  # type: ignore[override]
+        if type(other) is DataTypeClass:
+            return issubclass(other, type(self))
+        else:
+            return isinstance(other, type(self))
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.__class__)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return self.__class__.__name__
+
     @classmethod
     def base_type(cls) -> DataTypeClass:
         """

py-polars/polars/io/delta.py

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 from polars.io.pyarrow_dataset import scan_pyarrow_dataset
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from polars import DataFrame, LazyFrame
-    from polars.type_aliases import PolarsDataType
+    from polars import DataFrame, DataType, LazyFrame
 
 
 def read_delta(
@@ -320,7 +319,7 @@ def _check_if_delta_available() -> None:
         )
 
 
-def _check_for_unsupported_types(dtypes: list[PolarsDataType]) -> None:
+def _check_for_unsupported_types(dtypes: list[DataType]) -> None:
     schema_dtypes = unpack_dtypes(*dtypes)
     unsupported_types = {Time, Categorical, Null}
     overlap = schema_dtypes & unsupported_types

py-polars/polars/io/ipc/functions.py

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from io import BytesIO
 
-    from polars import DataFrame, LazyFrame
-    from polars.type_aliases import PolarsDataType
+    from polars import DataFrame, DataType, LazyFrame
 
 
 def read_ipc(
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ def read_ipc_stream(
         )
 
 
-def read_ipc_schema(source: str | BinaryIO | Path | bytes) -> dict[str, PolarsDataType]:
+def read_ipc_schema(source: str | BinaryIO | Path | bytes) -> dict[str, DataType]:
     """
     Get the schema of an IPC file without reading data.
 

py-polars/polars/io/parquet/functions.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from io import BytesIO
 
-    from polars import DataFrame, LazyFrame
-    from polars.type_aliases import ParallelStrategy, PolarsDataType
+    from polars import DataFrame, DataType, LazyFrame
+    from polars.type_aliases import ParallelStrategy
 
 
 def read_parquet(
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ def read_parquet(
 
 def read_parquet_schema(
     source: str | BinaryIO | Path | bytes,
-) -> dict[str, PolarsDataType]:
+) -> dict[str, DataType]:
     """
     Get the schema of a Parquet file without reading data.
 

py-polars/polars/lazyframe/frame.py

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 
     import pyarrow as pa
 
-    from polars import DataFrame, Expr
+    from polars import DataFrame, DataType, Expr
     from polars.dependencies import numpy as np
     from polars.type_aliases import (
         AsofJoinStrategy,
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ def columns(self) -> list[str]:
         return self._ldf.columns()
 
     @property
-    def dtypes(self) -> list[PolarsDataType]:
+    def dtypes(self) -> list[DataType]:
         """
         Get dtypes of columns in LazyFrame.
 
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ def dtypes(self) -> list[PolarsDataType]:
         return self._ldf.dtypes()
 
     @property
-    def schema(self) -> SchemaDict:
+    def schema(self) -> OrderedDict[str, DataType]:
         """
         Get a dict[column name, DataType].
 

py-polars/polars/series/datetime.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def median(self) -> dt.date | dt.datetime | dt.timedelta | None:
             if s.dtype == Date:
                 return _to_python_date(int(out))
             else:
-                return _to_python_datetime(int(out), s.dtype.time_unit)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                return _to_python_datetime(int(out), s.dtype.time_unit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
         return None
 
     def mean(self) -> dt.date | dt.datetime | None:
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def mean(self) -> dt.date | dt.datetime | None:
             if s.dtype == Date:
                 return _to_python_date(int(out))
             else:
-                return _to_python_datetime(int(out), s.dtype.time_unit)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                return _to_python_datetime(int(out), s.dtype.time_unit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
         return None
 
     def to_string(self, format: str) -> Series:

py-polars/polars/series/series.py

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import sys
 
-    from polars import DataFrame, Expr
+    from polars import DataFrame, DataType, Expr
     from polars.series._numpy import SeriesView
     from polars.type_aliases import (
         ClosedInterval,
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ def _get_ptr(self) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
         return self._s.get_ptr()
 
     @property
-    def dtype(self) -> PolarsDataType:
+    def dtype(self) -> DataType:
         """
         Get the data type of this Series.
 
@@ -398,10 +398,13 @@ def flags(self) -> dict[str, bool]:
         return out
 
     @property
-    def inner_dtype(self) -> PolarsDataType | None:
+    def inner_dtype(self) -> DataType | None:
         """
         Get the inner dtype in of a List typed Series.
 
+        .. deprecated:: 0.19.14
+            Use `Series.dtype.inner` instead.
+
         Returns
         -------
         DataType
@@ -412,7 +415,7 @@ def inner_dtype(self) -> PolarsDataType | None:
             version="0.19.14",
         )
         try:
-            return self.dtype.inner  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            return self.dtype.inner  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
         except AttributeError:
             return None
 
@@ -502,12 +505,12 @@ def _comp(self, other: Any, op: ComparisonOperator) -> Series:
                 time_unit = "us"
             elif self.dtype == Datetime:
                 # Use local time zone info
-                time_zone = self.dtype.time_zone  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                time_zone = self.dtype.time_zone  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                 if str(other.tzinfo) != str(time_zone):
                     raise TypeError(
                         f"Datetime time zone {other.tzinfo!r} does not match Series timezone {time_zone!r}"
                     )
-                time_unit = self.dtype.time_unit  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                time_unit = self.dtype.time_unit  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
             else:
                 raise ValueError(
                     f"cannot compare datetime.datetime to Series of type {self.dtype}"
@@ -524,7 +527,7 @@ def _comp(self, other: Any, op: ComparisonOperator) -> Series:
             return self._from_pyseries(f(d))
 
         elif isinstance(other, timedelta) and self.dtype == Duration:
-            time_unit = self.dtype.time_unit  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            time_unit = self.dtype.time_unit  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
             td = _timedelta_to_pl_timedelta(other, time_unit)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
             f = get_ffi_func(op + "_<>", Int64, self._s)
             assert f is not None
@@ -4051,9 +4054,9 @@ def convert_to_date(arr: np.ndarray[Any, Any]) -> np.ndarray[Any, Any]:
             if self.dtype == Date:
                 tp = "datetime64[D]"
             elif self.dtype == Duration:
-                tp = f"timedelta64[{self.dtype.time_unit}]"  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                tp = f"timedelta64[{self.dtype.time_unit}]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
             else:
-                tp = f"datetime64[{self.dtype.time_unit}]"  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                tp = f"datetime64[{self.dtype.time_unit}]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
             return arr.astype(tp)
 
         def raise_no_zero_copy() -> None:
@@ -4066,7 +4069,7 @@ def raise_no_zero_copy() -> None:
                 writable=writable,
                 use_pyarrow=use_pyarrow,
             )
-            np_array.shape = (self.len(), self.dtype.width)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            np_array.shape = (self.len(), self.dtype.width)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
             return np_array
 
         if (
@@ -6972,7 +6975,7 @@ def is_boolean(self) -> bool:
         True
 
         """
-        return self.dtype is Boolean
+        return self.dtype == Boolean
 
     @deprecate_function("Use `Series.dtype == pl.Utf8` instead.", version="0.19.14")
     def is_utf8(self) -> bool:
@@ -6989,7 +6992,7 @@ def is_utf8(self) -> bool:
         True
 
         """
-        return self.dtype is Utf8
+        return self.dtype == Utf8
 
     @deprecate_renamed_function("gather_every", version="0.19.14")
     def take_every(self, n: int) -> Series:

py-polars/polars/series/struct.py

@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@
 from polars.utils.various import sphinx_accessor
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from polars import DataFrame, Series
+    from polars import DataFrame, DataType, Series
     from polars.polars import PySeries
-    from polars.type_aliases import SchemaDict
 elif os.getenv("BUILDING_SPHINX_DOCS"):
     property = sphinx_accessor
 
@@ -66,10 +65,10 @@ def rename_fields(self, names: Sequence[str]) -> Series:
         """
 
     @property
-    def schema(self) -> SchemaDict:
+    def schema(self) -> OrderedDict[str, DataType]:
         """Get the struct definition as a name/dtype schema dict."""
         if getattr(self, "_s", None) is None:
-            return {}
+            return OrderedDict()
         return OrderedDict(self._s.dtype().to_schema())
 
     def unnest(self) -> DataFrame:

py-polars/polars/testing/asserts/series.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 from polars.testing.asserts.utils import raise_assertion_error
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from polars.type_aliases import PolarsDataType
+    from polars import DataType
 
 
 def assert_series_equal(
@@ -252,19 +252,19 @@ def _assert_series_nan_values_match(left: Series, right: Series) -> None:
         )
 
 
-def _comparing_floats(left: PolarsDataType, right: PolarsDataType) -> bool:
+def _comparing_floats(left: DataType, right: DataType) -> bool:
     return left.is_float() and right.is_float()
 
 
-def _comparing_lists(left: PolarsDataType, right: PolarsDataType) -> bool:
+def _comparing_lists(left: DataType, right: DataType) -> bool:
     return left in (List, Array) and right in (List, Array)
 
 
-def _comparing_structs(left: PolarsDataType, right: PolarsDataType) -> bool:
+def _comparing_structs(left: DataType, right: DataType) -> bool:
     return left == Struct and right == Struct
 
 
-def _comparing_nested_floats(left: PolarsDataType, right: PolarsDataType) -> bool:
+def _comparing_nested_floats(left: DataType, right: DataType) -> bool:
     if not (_comparing_lists(left, right) or _comparing_structs(left, right)):
         return False