Debug log when type_code fails to convert to a data_type

.changes/unreleased/Features-20240323-160251.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+kind: Features
+body: Debug log when `type_code` fails to convert to a `data_type`
+time: 2024-03-23T16:02:51.306658-06:00
+custom:
+  Author: dbeatty10
+  Issue: "8912"

dbt/adapters/events/adapter_types.proto

@@ -515,3 +515,13 @@ message ConstraintNotSupportedMsg {
     AdapterCommonEventInfo info = 1;
     ConstraintNotSupported data = 2;
 }
+
+// E050
+message TypeCodeNotFound {
+    int32 type_code = 1;
+}
+
+message TypeCodeNotFoundMsg {
+    AdapterCommonEventInfo info = 1;
+    TypeCodeNotFound data = 2;
+}

dbt/adapters/events/types.py

@@ -422,3 +422,12 @@ def message(self) -> str:
             "be ignored. Set 'warn_unsupported: false' on this constraint to ignore this warning."
         )
         return line_wrap_message(warning_tag(msg))
+
+
+class TypeCodeNotFound(DebugLevel):
+    def code(self) -> str:
+        return "E050"
+
+    def message(self) -> str:
+        msg = f"The `type_code` {self.type_code} was not recognized, which may affect error messages for enforced contracts that fail as well as `Column.data_type` values returned by `get_column_schema_from_query`"
+        return msg

tests/unit/test_events.py

@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ def test_event_codes(self):
     types.FinishedRunningStats(stat_line="", execution="", execution_time=0),
     types.ConstraintNotEnforced(constraint="", adapter=""),
     types.ConstraintNotSupported(constraint="", adapter=""),
+    types.TypeCodeNotFound(type_code=0),
 ]