Fix a bunch of places we forget to aws_raise_error()

[graebm]

See: awslabs/aws-c-common#1089

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: 3 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (171840f) 82.54% compared to head (efdfc17) 82.53%.

Files	Patch %	Lines
source/client_channel_handler.c	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
source/v5/mqtt5_client.c	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
source/v5/mqtt5_topic_alias.c	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #350      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   82.54%   82.53%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          20       20              
  Lines        8763     8764       +1     
==========================================
  Hits         7233     7233              
- Misses       1530     1531       +1     

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