ci: test ubuntu22 and ubuntu24 in ci #26468

Job	Run time
build (check_format)	1m 4s
build (check_newlines)	1m 31s
build (tests)	5m 38s
build (tests_coverage)	7m 49s
build (px4_fmu-v2_default stack_check)	3m 13s
build (validate_module_configs)	48s
build (shellcheck_all)	1m 40s
build (NO_NINJA_BUILD=1 px4_fmu-v5_default)	4m 13s
build (NO_NINJA_BUILD=1 px4_sitl_default)	3m 21s
build (px4_sitl_allyes)	4m 14s
build (airframe_metadata)	55s
build (module_documentation)	58s
build (parameters_metadata)	1m 6s
	36m 30s

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