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There is a new open-source Python library called NiceGUI. With NiceGUI you can write graphical user interfaces which run in the browser. It has a very gentle learning curve while still offering the option for advanced customizations. NiceGUI follows a backend-first philosophy: it handles all the web development details for you. You can focus on writing Python code. This makes it ideal for a wide range of projects including short scripts, dashboards, robotics projects, IoT solutions, smart home automation, and machine learning. Here is a short fully functional code example main.py:
from nicegui import ui
ui.button('Click me', on_click=lambda: ui.notify(‘clicked’))
ui.run()Install with “pip install nicegui” and launch “python3 main.py”; it will open a new tab in your browser showing a button that when clicked, displays a snackbar notification.
NiceGUI was initially built for accessing and controlling hardware like gpios, leds or usb devices. Over time it grew greatly beyond that. For example the website https://nicegui.io/ is itself running with NiceGUI. And with native mode, NiceGUI has Electron-like capabilities. Unlike Streamlit the framework took much care to allow easy integration with any other Python libraries. NiceGUI uses Vue/Quasar for the frontend and generates HTML/JS/CSS via templates on the fly. The backend is build on top FastAPI and uses socket.io for fast communication with the frontend. All user interactions are send to the backend and invoke the proper Python functions. Thereby it works best when there is a fast enough internet connection. Therefore is not meant to replace classical web apps; its main purpose is a quick way to build user interfaces for your Python code.
Interaction: buttons, switches, sliders, inputs, ... notifications, dialogs and menus keyboard input on-screen joystick
Layout: navigation bars, tabs, panels, ... grouping with rows, columns and cards HTML and Markdown elements flex layout by default
Visualization: charts, diagrams and tables 3D scenes progress bars built-in timer for data refresh
Styling: customizable color themes custom CSS and classes modern look with material design built-in Tailwind support
Coding: live-cycle events implicit reload on code change (thanks to uvicorn) straight-forward data binding execute javascript from Python
Foundation: generic Vue to Python bridge dynamic GUI through Quasar content is served with FastAPI Python 3.8+
NiceGUI only uses one uvicorn worker (to not have to implement/support tricky synchronization). The socket.io library is used for managing web sockets. After the initial content is loaded a web socket connection is established and kept open for communication as long as the web page is shown. Each http request gets its own web socket connection.