fix some punctuation and such in semantics.md

docs/semantics.md

@@ -1,96 +1,92 @@
 # RDF-star Semantics Options
 
-There have been several different semantics proposals for quoted triples, some with multiple semantics.  The proposed semantics differ in technical details but also differ in the entailments they support.  The major differences between semantics can be summarized in whether they are sensitive to the precise syntax of quoted triples or only to the semantics of the components of quoted triples.   The first kind of semantics have been called opaque and the second kind transparent.  There is also a semi-opaque (or semi-transparent) semantics, as in the community report, where the syntax of IRIs and literals are important but only the meaning of blank nodes is.
+There have been several different proposals of semantics for quoted triples, some with multiple semantics.  The proposed semantics differ in technical details as well as in the entailments they support.  The major differences between the proposed semantics can be summarized in whether they are sensitive to the precise syntax of quoted triples or only to the semantics of the components of quoted triples.   The first kind of semantics have been called "opaque" and the second kind "transparent".  There is also a "semi-opaque" (or "semi-transparent") semantics, as found in the Community Group report, where the syntax of both IRIs and literals is important, but only the meaning (and not the syntax) of blank nodes is.
 
-The difference between the semantics can be seen in the following examples.
+The differences between the semantics can be seen in the following examples.
 
 Note that, although we use the Turtle syntax for convenience, we interpret it in a subtly different way: each blank node label is interpreted as a specific and fixed element of the set of blank nodes defined by the RDF abstract syntax.
 
-In RDF (extended to include `owl:sameAs` as equality to provide a way of requiring that two different IRIs mean the same thing)
+In RDF (extended to include `owl:sameAs` as equality to provide a way of requiring that two different IRIs mean the same thing) —
 ```
 :b                            owl:sameAs :c .
 _:a                           :b         "4"^^xsd:int .
 ```
-entails
+— entails —
 ```
 _:f                           :b         "4"^^xsd:int .
 ```
-(because blank nodes can be replaced by blank nodes without changing their meaning)
-
-and 
+— (because any blank node can be replaced by any other blank node without changing their meanings), and —
 ```
 _:a                           :b         "4"^^xsd:integer .
 ```
-(because `xsd:int` and `xsd:integer` mean the same datatype as per the RDF specification)
-
-and 
+— (because `xsd:int` and `xsd:integer` mean the same datatype, according to the RDF specification), and —
 ```
 _:a                           :c         "4"^^xsd:int .
 ```
-(because `:b`and `:c` mean the same thing as per the `owl:sameAs` declaration above).
+— (because `:b`and `:c` mean the same thing, according to the `owl:sameAs` declaration above).
 
 
 ## Transparent Semantics
 
-In the _transparent_ semantics
+In the _transparent_ semantics —
 ```
 :b                            owl:sameAs :c .
 << _:a :b "4"^^xsd:int     >> :d         :e .
 ```
-entails
+— entails —
 ```
 << _:f :b "4"^^xsd:int     >> :d         :e .
 ```
-and 
+— and —
 ```
 << _:a :b "4"^^xsd:integer >> :d         :e .
 ```
-and
+— and —
 ```
 << _:a :c "4"^^xsd:int     >> :d         :e .
 ```
 
 ## Opaque Semantics
 
-In the _opaque_ semantics
+In the _opaque_ semantics —
 ```
 :b owl:sameAs :c .
 << _:a :b "4"^^xsd:int     >> :d         :e .
 ```
-does not entail
+— does not entail —
 ```
 << _:f :b "4"^^xsd:int     >> :d         :e .
 ```
-or 
+— nor —
 ```
 << _:a :b "4"^^xsd:integer >> :d         :e .
 ```
-or
+— nor —
 ```
 << _:a :c "4"^^xsd:int     >> :d         :e .
 ```
 
 ## Semi-transparent Semantics
 
-In the _semi-transparent_ (also known as _semi-opaque_) semantics, as proposed in [the RDF-star final community group report](https://www.w3.org/2021/12/rdf-star.html)
+In the _semi-transparent_ (also known as _semi-opaque_) semantics, as proposed in [the RDF-star final community group report](https://www.w3.org/2021/12/rdf-star.html) —
 ```
 :b owl:sameAs :c .
 << _:a :b "4"^^xsd:int     >> :d         :e .
 ```
-does entail
+— does entail —
 ```
 << _:f :b "4"^^xsd:int     >> :d         :e .
 ```
-but does not entail
+— but does not entail —
 ```
 << _:a :b "4"^^xsd:integer >> :d         :e .
 ```
-or
+— nor —
 ```
 << _:a :c "4"^^xsd:int     >> :d         :e .
 ```
 
-In this semantics the IRI `:b` inside the quoted triple denotes (i.e. refers to, means) something in the real world just like it does in standard/un-quoted RDF triples. As per the `owl:sameAs` statement that meaning can also be refered to by `:c`. However, this semantics aims to faithfully record that the IRI `:b` was used to refer to that meaning and therefore doesn't support entailments that e.g. entail the usage of `:c` from the usage of of `:b` although they mean the same thing.
+In this semantics, the IRI `:b` inside the quoted triple denotes (i.e., refers to, or means) something in the real world just like it does in "standard", un-quoted RDF triples. According to the `owl:sameAs` statement, that meaning can also be referred to by `:c`. However, this semantics aims to faithfully record that the IRI `:b` was used to refer to that meaning, and therefore doesn't support entailments that, for instance, entail the usage of `:c` from the usage of of `:b`, although they would mean the same thing.
 
 One could also create other semi-opaque semantics where either IRIs or literals were transparent.