markused,builtin,strconv,vlib: reduce generated C sizes for compilers != tcc, for short programs, by simplifying the generation of backtraces, and reducing string interpolations in panics

vlib/builtin/array.v

@@ -194,7 +194,8 @@ fn (mut a array) ensure_cap(required int) {
 		return
 	}
 	if a.flags.has(.nogrow) {
-		panic('array.ensure_cap: array with the flag `.nogrow` cannot grow in size, array required new size: ${required}')
+		panic_n('array.ensure_cap: array with the flag `.nogrow` cannot grow in size, array required new size:',
+			required)
 	}
 	mut cap := if a.cap > 0 { i64(a.cap) } else { i64(2) }
 	for required > cap {
@@ -205,7 +206,8 @@ fn (mut a array) ensure_cap(required int) {
 			// limit the capacity, since bigger values, will overflow the 32bit integer used to store it
 			cap = max_int
 		} else {
-			panic('array.ensure_cap: array needs to grow to cap = ${cap}, which is > 2^31')
+			panic_n('array.ensure_cap: array needs to grow to cap (which is > 2^31):',
+				cap)
 		}
 	}
 	new_size := u64(cap) * u64(a.element_size)
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ pub fn (a array) repeat(count int) array {
 @[direct_array_access; unsafe]
 pub fn (a array) repeat_to_depth(count int, depth int) array {
 	if count < 0 {
-		panic('array.repeat: count is negative: ${count}')
+		panic_n('array.repeat: count is negative:', count)
 	}
 	mut size := u64(count) * u64(a.len) * u64(a.element_size)
 	if size == 0 {
@@ -293,7 +295,7 @@ pub fn (a array) repeat_to_depth(count int, depth int) array {
 // ```
 pub fn (mut a array) insert(i int, val voidptr) {
 	if i < 0 || i > a.len {
-		panic('array.insert: index out of range (i == ${i}, a.len == ${a.len})')
+		panic_n2('array.insert: index out of range (i,a.len):', i, a.len)
 	}
 	if a.len == max_int {
 		panic('array.insert: a.len reached max_int')
@@ -313,11 +315,11 @@ pub fn (mut a array) insert(i int, val voidptr) {
 @[unsafe]
 fn (mut a array) insert_many(i int, val voidptr, size int) {
 	if i < 0 || i > a.len {
-		panic('array.insert_many: index out of range (i == ${i}, a.len == ${a.len})')
+		panic_n2('array.insert_many: index out of range (i,a.len):', i, a.len)
 	}
 	new_len := i64(a.len) + i64(size)
 	if new_len > max_int {
-		panic('array.insert_many: a.len = ${new_len} will exceed max_int')
+		panic_n('array.insert_many: max_int will be exceeded by a.len:', new_len)
 	}
 	a.ensure_cap(int(new_len))
 	elem_size := a.element_size
@@ -374,8 +376,12 @@ pub fn (mut a array) delete(i int) {
 // ```
 pub fn (mut a array) delete_many(i int, size int) {
 	if i < 0 || i64(i) + i64(size) > i64(a.len) {
-		endidx := if size > 1 { '..${i + size}' } else { '' }
-		panic('array.delete: index out of range (i == ${i}${endidx}, a.len == ${a.len})')
+		if size > 1 {
+			panic_n3('array.delete: index out of range (i,i+size,a.len):', i, i + size,
+				a.len)
+		} else {
+			panic_n2('array.delete: index out of range (i,a.len):', i, a.len)
+		}
 	}
 	if a.flags.all(.noshrink | .noslices) {
 		unsafe {
@@ -465,7 +471,7 @@ fn (a array) get_unsafe(i int) voidptr {
 fn (a array) get(i int) voidptr {
 	$if !no_bounds_checking {
 		if i < 0 || i >= a.len {
-			panic('array.get: index out of range (i == ${i}, a.len == ${a.len})')
+			panic_n2('array.get: index out of range (i,a.len):', i, a.len)
 		}
 	}
 	unsafe {
@@ -557,13 +563,15 @@ fn (a array) slice(start int, _end int) array {
 	end := if _end == max_int { a.len } else { _end } // max_int
 	$if !no_bounds_checking {
 		if start > end {
-			panic('array.slice: invalid slice index (${start} > ${end})')
+			panic('array.slice: invalid slice index (start>end):' + i64(start).str() + ', ' +
+				i64(end).str())
 		}
 		if end > a.len {
-			panic('array.slice: slice bounds out of range (${end} >= ${a.len})')
+			panic('array.slice: slice bounds out of range (' + i64(end).str() + ' >= ' +
+				i64(a.len).str() + ')')
 		}
 		if start < 0 {
-			panic('array.slice: slice bounds out of range (${start} < 0)')
+			panic('array.slice: slice bounds out of range (start<0):' + start.str())
 		}
 	}
 	// TODO: integrate reference counting
@@ -683,7 +691,7 @@ fn (mut a array) set_unsafe(i int, val voidptr) {
 fn (mut a array) set(i int, val voidptr) {
 	$if !no_bounds_checking {
 		if i < 0 || i >= a.len {
-			panic('array.set: index out of range (i == ${i}, a.len == ${a.len})')
+			panic_n2('array.set: index out of range (i,a.len):', i, a.len)
 		}
 	}
 	unsafe { vmemcpy(&u8(a.data) + u64(a.element_size) * u64(i), val, a.element_size) }
@@ -1000,7 +1008,7 @@ pub fn copy(mut dst []u8, src []u8) int {
 pub fn (mut a array) grow_cap(amount int) {
 	new_cap := i64(amount) + i64(a.cap)
 	if new_cap > max_int {
-		panic('array.grow_cap: new capacity ${new_cap} will exceed max_int')
+		panic_n('array.grow_cap: max_int will be exceeded by new cap:', new_cap)
 	}
 	a.ensure_cap(int(new_cap))
 }
@@ -1013,7 +1021,7 @@ pub fn (mut a array) grow_cap(amount int) {
 pub fn (mut a array) grow_len(amount int) {
 	new_len := i64(amount) + i64(a.len)
 	if new_len > max_int {
-		panic('array.grow_len: new len ${new_len} will exceed max_int')
+		panic_n('array.grow_len: max_int will be exceeded by new len:', new_len)
 	}
 	a.ensure_cap(int(new_len))
 	a.len = int(new_len)
@@ -1053,13 +1061,13 @@ pub fn (data &u8) vbytes(len int) []u8 {
 @[if !no_bounds_checking ?; inline]
 fn panic_on_negative_len(len int) {
 	if len < 0 {
-		panic('negative .len')
+		panic_n('negative .len:', len)
 	}
 }
 
 @[if !no_bounds_checking ?; inline]
 fn panic_on_negative_cap(cap int) {
 	if cap < 0 {
-		panic('negative .cap')
+		panic_n('negative .cap:', cap)
 	}
 }

vlib/builtin/array_d_gcboehm_opt.v

@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ fn (mut a array) ensure_cap_noscan(required int) {
 		return
 	}
 	if a.flags.has(.nogrow) {
-		panic('array.ensure_cap_noscan: array with the flag `.nogrow` cannot grow in size, array required new size: ${required}')
+		panic_n('array.ensure_cap_noscan: array with the flag `.nogrow` cannot grow in size, array required new size:',
+			required)
 	}
 	mut cap := if a.cap > 0 { i64(a.cap) } else { i64(2) }
 	for required > cap {
@@ -114,7 +115,8 @@ fn (mut a array) ensure_cap_noscan(required int) {
 			// limit the capacity, since bigger values, will overflow the 32bit integer used to store it
 			cap = max_int
 		} else {
-			panic('array.ensure_cap_noscan: array needs to grow to cap = ${cap}, which is > 2^31')
+			panic_n('array.ensure_cap_noscan: array needs to grow to cap (which is > 2^31):',
+				cap)
 		}
 	}
 	new_size := u64(cap) * u64(a.element_size)
@@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ fn (mut a array) ensure_cap_noscan(required int) {
 @[unsafe]
 fn (a array) repeat_to_depth_noscan(count int, depth int) array {
 	if count < 0 {
-		panic('array.repeat: count is negative: ${count}')
+		panic_n('array.repeat: count is negative:', count)
 	}
 	mut size := u64(count) * u64(a.len) * u64(a.element_size)
 	if size == 0 {
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ fn (a array) repeat_to_depth_noscan(count int, depth int) array {
 // insert inserts a value in the array at index `i`
 fn (mut a array) insert_noscan(i int, val voidptr) {
 	if i < 0 || i > a.len {
-		panic('array.insert_noscan: index out of range (i == ${i}, a.len == ${a.len})')
+		panic_n2('array.insert_noscan: index out of range (i,a.len):', i, a.len)
 	}
 	if a.len == max_int {
 		panic('array.insert_noscan: a.len reached max_int')
@@ -187,11 +189,11 @@ fn (mut a array) insert_noscan(i int, val voidptr) {
 @[unsafe]
 fn (mut a array) insert_many_noscan(i int, val voidptr, size int) {
 	if i < 0 || i > a.len {
-		panic('array.insert_many: index out of range (i == ${i}, a.len == ${a.len})')
+		panic_n2('array.insert_many: index out of range (i, a.len):', i, a.len)
 	}
 	new_len := i64(a.len) + i64(size)
 	if new_len > max_int {
-		panic('array.insert_many_noscan: a.len = ${new_len} will exceed max_int')
+		panic_n('array.insert_many_noscan: max_int will be exceeded by a.len:', new_len)
 	}
 	a.ensure_cap_noscan(a.len + size)
 	elem_size := a.element_size
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ fn (a array) reverse_noscan() array {
 fn (mut a array) grow_cap_noscan(amount int) {
 	new_cap := i64(amount) + i64(a.cap)
 	if new_cap > max_int {
-		panic('array.grow_cap: new capacity ${new_cap} will exceed max_int')
+		panic_n('array.grow_cap: max_int will be exceeded by new cap:', new_cap)
 	}
 	a.ensure_cap_noscan(int(new_cap))
 }
@@ -338,7 +340,7 @@ fn (mut a array) grow_cap_noscan(amount int) {
 fn (mut a array) grow_len_noscan(amount int) {
 	new_len := i64(amount) + i64(a.len)
 	if new_len > max_int {
-		panic('array.grow_len: new len ${new_len} will exceed max_int')
+		panic_n('array.grow_len: max_int will be exceeded by new len:', new_len)
 	}
 	a.ensure_cap_noscan(int(new_len))
 	a.len = int(new_len)

vlib/builtin/backtraces.c.v

@@ -10,19 +10,15 @@ pub fn print_backtrace() {
 	$if !no_backtrace ? {
 		$if freestanding {
 			println(bare_backtrace())
+		} $else $if native {
+			// TODO: native backtrace solution
+		} $else $if tinyc {
+			C.tcc_backtrace(c'Backtrace')
+		} $else $if use_libbacktrace ? {
+			// NOTE: TCC doesn't have the unwind library
+			print_libbacktrace(1)
 		} $else {
-			$if native {
-				// TODO: native backtrace solution
-			} $else $if tinyc {
-				C.tcc_backtrace(c'Backtrace')
-			} $else {
-				// NOTE: TCC doesn't have the unwind library
-				$if use_libbacktrace ? {
-					print_libbacktrace(1)
-				} $else {
-					print_backtrace_skipping_top_frames(2)
-				}
-			}
+			print_backtrace_skipping_top_frames(2)
 		}
 	}
 }

vlib/builtin/backtraces_nix.c.v

@@ -67,17 +67,14 @@ fn print_backtrace_skipping_top_frames_linux(skipframes int) bool {
 					return false
 				}
 				nr_actual_frames := nr_ptrs - skipframes
-				mut sframes := []string{}
 				//////csymbols := backtrace_symbols(*voidptr(&buffer[skipframes]), nr_actual_frames)
 				csymbols := C.backtrace_symbols(voidptr(&buffer[skipframes]), nr_actual_frames)
 				for i in 0 .. nr_actual_frames {
-					sframes << unsafe { tos2(&u8(csymbols[i])) }
-				}
-				for sframe in sframes {
+					sframe := unsafe { tos2(&u8(csymbols[i])) }
 					executable := sframe.all_before('(')
 					addr := sframe.all_after('[').all_before(']')
 					beforeaddr := sframe.all_before('[')
-					cmd := 'addr2line -e ${executable} ${addr}'
+					cmd := 'addr2line -e ' + executable + ' ' + addr
 					// taken from os, to avoid depending on the os module inside builtin.v
 					f := C.popen(&char(cmd.str), c'r')
 					if f == unsafe { nil } {
@@ -92,7 +89,7 @@ fn print_backtrace_skipping_top_frames_linux(skipframes int) bool {
 							output += tos(bp, vstrlen(bp))
 						}
 					}
-					output = output.trim_space() + ':'
+					output = output.trim_chars(' \t\n', .trim_both) + ':'
 					if C.pclose(f) != 0 {
 						eprintln(sframe)
 						continue
@@ -104,13 +101,27 @@ fn print_backtrace_skipping_top_frames_linux(skipframes int) bool {
 					// Note: it is shortened here to just d. , just so that it fits, and so
 					// that the common error file:lineno: line format is enforced.
 					output = output.replace(' (discriminator', ': (d.')
-					eprintln('${output:-55s} | ${addr:14s} | ${beforeaddr}')
+					eprint(output)
+					eprint_space_padding(output, 55)
+					eprint(' | ')
+					eprint(addr)
+					eprint(' | ')
+					eprintln(beforeaddr)
 				}
-				if sframes.len > 0 {
+				if nr_actual_frames > 0 {
 					unsafe { C.free(csymbols) }
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return true
 }
+
+fn eprint_space_padding(output string, max_len int) {
+	padding_len := max_len - output.len
+	if padding_len > 0 {
+		for _ in 0 .. padding_len {
+			eprint(' ')
+		}
+	}
+}

vlib/builtin/builtin.c.v

@@ -106,14 +106,14 @@ fn panic_debug(line_no int, file string, mod string, fn_name string, s string) {
 // It ends the program with a panic.
 @[noreturn]
 pub fn panic_option_not_set(s string) {
-	panic('option not set (${s})')
+	panic('option not set (' + s + ')')
 }
 
 // panic_result_not_set is called by V, when you use result error propagation in your main function
 // It ends the program with a panic.
 @[noreturn]
 pub fn panic_result_not_set(s string) {
-	panic('result not set (${s})')
+	panic('result not set (' + s + ')')
 }
 
 // panic prints a nice error message, then exits the process with exit code of 1.
@@ -175,6 +175,24 @@ pub fn c_error_number_str(errnum int) string {
 	return err_msg
 }
 
+// panic prints an error message, followed by the given number, then exits the process with exit code of 1.
+@[noreturn]
+pub fn panic_n(s string, number1 i64) {
+	panic(s + number1.str())
+}
+
+// panic prints an error message, followed by the given numbers, then exits the process with exit code of 1.
+@[noreturn]
+pub fn panic_n2(s string, number1 i64, number2 i64) {
+	panic(s + number1.str() + ', ' + number2.str())
+}
+
+// panic prints an error message, followed by the given numbers, then exits the process with exit code of 1.
+@[noreturn]
+fn panic_n3(s string, number1 i64, number2 i64, number3 i64) {
+	panic(s + number1.str() + ', ' + number2.str() + ', ' + number2.str())
+}
+
 // panic with a C-API error message matching `errnum`
 @[noreturn]
 pub fn panic_error_number(basestr string, errnum int) {
@@ -751,8 +769,8 @@ pub fn gc_memory_use() usize {
 fn v_fixed_index(i int, len int) int {
 	$if !no_bounds_checking {
 		if i < 0 || i >= len {
-			s := 'fixed array index out of range (index: ${i}, len: ${len})'
-			panic(s)
+			panic('fixed array index out of range (index: ' + i64(i).str() + ', len: ' +
+				i64(len).str() + ')')
 		}
 	}
 	return i

vlib/builtin/builtin.v

@@ -10,12 +10,6 @@ pub fn isnil(v voidptr) bool {
 	return v == 0
 }
 
-/*
-fn on_panic(f fn(int)int) {
-	// TODO
-}
-*/
-
 struct VCastTypeIndexName {
 	tindex int
 	tname  string
@@ -37,7 +31,7 @@ fn __as_cast(obj voidptr, obj_type int, expected_type int) voidptr {
 				expected_name = x.tname.clone()
 			}
 		}
-		panic('as cast: cannot cast `${obj_name}` to `${expected_name}`')
+		panic('as cast: cannot cast `' + obj_name + '` to `' + expected_name + '`')
 	}
 	return obj
 }

vlib/builtin/builtin_windows.c.v

@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ fn builtin_init() {
 	$if !no_backtrace ? {
 		add_unhandled_exception_handler()
 	}
+	// On windows, the default buffering is block based (~4096bytes), which interferes badly with non cmd shells
+	// It is much better to have it off by default instead.
+	unbuffer_stdout()
 }
 
 // TODO: copypaste from os
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ fn unhandled_exception_handler(e &ExceptionPointers) int {
 			return 0
 		}
 		else {
-			println('Unhandled Exception 0x${e.exception_record.code:X}')
+			println('Unhandled Exception 0x' + ptr_str(e.exception_record.code))
 			print_backtrace_skipping_top_frames(5)
 		}
 	}