[FLINK-36706] Refactor TypeInferenceExtractor for PTFs #22

Job	Run time
Pre-compile Checks / Basic QA	8m 13s
Default (Java 11) / Compile	9m 1s
Default (Java 11) / Test packaging/licensing	39m 17s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: core)	31m 30s
Default (Java 11) / E2E (group 1)	1h 26m 19s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: python)	29m 59s
Default (Java 11) / E2E (group 2)	1h 50m 17s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: table)	36m 7s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: connect)	23m 3s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: tests)	36m 59s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: misc)	30m 34s
	7h 21m 19s

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