add environmental sustainability section (#247)

bibliography.bib

@@ -4782,6 +4782,32 @@ @article{Henriksen2016
 keywords = {Re-identification, Anonymisation, Anonymization, Systematic literature review},
 }
 
+@article{Richardson2023,
+author = {Katherine Richardson  and Will Steffen  and Wolfgang Lucht  and Jørgen Bendtsen  and Sarah E. Cornell  and Jonathan F. Donges  and Markus Drüke  and Ingo Fetzer  and Govindasamy Bala  and Werner von Bloh  and Georg Feulner  and Stephanie Fiedler  and Dieter Gerten  and Tom Gleeson  and Matthias Hofmann  and Willem Huiskamp  and Matti Kummu  and Chinchu Mohan  and David Nogués-Bravo  and Stefan Petri  and Miina Porkka  and Stefan Rahmstorf  and Sibyll Schaphoff  and Kirsten Thonicke  and Arne Tobian  and Vili Virkki  and Lan Wang-Erlandsson  and Lisa Weber  and Johan Rockström },
+title = {Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries},
+journal = {Science Advances},
+volume = {9},
+number = {37},
+pages = {eadh2458},
+year = {2023},
+doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adh2458},
+URL = {https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.adh2458},
+eprint = {https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adh2458},
+abstract = {This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine boundaries are transgressed, suggesting that Earth is now well outside of the safe operating space for humanity. Ocean acidification is close to being breached, while aerosol loading regionally exceeds the boundary. Stratospheric ozone levels have slightly recovered. The transgression level has increased for all boundaries earlier identified as overstepped. As primary production drives Earth system biosphere functions, human appropriation of net primary production is proposed as a control variable for functional biosphere integrity. This boundary is also transgressed. Earth system modeling of different levels of the transgression of the climate and land system change boundaries illustrates that these anthropogenic impacts on Earth system must be considered in a systemic context. Transgression of planetary boundaries by human activities have now brought humanity well beyond a “safe operating space.”}}
+
+@article{Sills2019,
+author = {Jennifer Sills  and Gregor Hagedorn  and Peter Kalmus  and Michael Mann  and Sara Vicca  and Joke Van den Berge  and Jean-Pascal van Ypersele  and Dominique Bourg  and Jan Rotmans  and Roope Kaaronen  and Stefan Rahmstorf  and Helga Kromp-Kolb  and Gottfried Kirchengast  and Reto Knutti  and Sonia I. Seneviratne  and Philippe Thalmann  and Raven Cretney  and Alison Green  and Kevin Anderson  and Martin Hedberg  and Douglas Nilsson  and Amita Kuttner  and Katharine Hayhoe },
+title = {Concerns of young protesters are justified},
+journal = {Science},
+volume = {364},
+number = {6436},
+pages = {139-140},
+year = {2019},
+doi = {10.1126/science.aax3807},
+URL = {https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aax3807},
+eprint = {https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.aax3807}
+}
+
 @online{SURESOFTLink,
 organization = {TU Braunschweig, FAU Erlangen-N{\"u}rnberg},
 title = {SureSoft},
@@ -4809,6 +4835,15 @@ @book{swebok_2014
 	month = jan,
 }
 
+@article{Sutter2005,
+  title = {The Free Lunch Is Over},
+  urldate = {2024-04-10},
+  author = {Sutter, Herb},
+  month = dec,
+  year = {2003},
+  url = {http://www.gotw.ca/publications/concurrency-ddj.htm},
+}
+
 @article{Sweeney2002,
   title = {{k}-Anonymity: A Model For Protecting Privacy},
   volume = {10},
@@ -4907,6 +4942,17 @@ @InProceedings{Trockman2018
   venue     = {Gothenburg, Sweden},
 }
 
+@TechReport{IEA2024,
+  author      = {{International Energy Agency (IEA)}},
+  title       = {Electricity 2024},
+  institution = {IEA},
+  year        = {2024},
+  type        = {Report},
+  month       = jan,
+  url         = {https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-2024},
+  address     = {Paris, France},
+}
+
 @TechReport{UNESCO2019,
   author      = {{UNESCO's General Conference}},
   title       = {Recommendation on Open Educational Resources ({OER})},

competencies.md

@@ -365,6 +365,17 @@ and therefore need to be able to make a value-based judgement on topics
 such as open science, path dependence, and vendor lock-in.
 
 
+### Addressing environmental sustainability within planetary limits
+
+The last two decades saw the limits in the attainable miniaturization of transistor technology approaching, and top chip clock frequency mostly settled. [@Sutter2005]
+Nevertheless, the perception in the popular culture remains fairly unaware of that, and a misleading belief into limitless growth of computing capabilities (storage, computing power, transmission speed) is still widespread.
+A practical consequence of this is an ever-growing demand of resources to cover the expanded need for storage and processing, with no clear deceleration in sight (e.g. the IEA estimates a doubling in data centres energy consumption from 2024 to 2026 [@IEA2024]).
+At the same time, current science is well aware of several planetary boundaries being trespassed consequently to human activities [@Richardson2023], with this (computation and information) accounting for a non negligible fraction [@IEA2024].
+A reorientation of consumption into sustainable rates is being strived with great difficulty, despite repeated appeals from the sectors of society most knowledgeable on the matter [@Sills2019].
+In this scenario, RSEs have a responsibility, for instance when choosing computationally adequate approaches (e.g. recognizing where a well-proved statistical method may do well instead of a power-hungry AI model, or configuring a test pipeline to minimize redundancy), and embracing data frugality measures (e.g. recognizing sufficient resolutions when sampling data for processing or storage),
+If past computational solutions were frugal because of technological limits, future ones should tend to that by virtue of an awareness of what adequate solutions may be.
+To be helpful in these regards, RSEs may need basic skills in extrapolating energy, storage, and computational needs, resorting to expert knowledge for the details, and within regulatory frameworks yet to come.
+
 ### Emerging challenges
 
 RSEs often operate at the cutting edge of technological development
@@ -1301,6 +1312,7 @@ Heidi Seibold, Jeremy Cohen, Florian Goth, Renato Alves, Jan Philipp Thiele,
 Jan Linxweiler, Jean-Noël Grad, and Samantha Wittke contributed the initial draft.
 Florian Goth supervised the project and did the project administration.
 Jean-Noël Grad conceived and implemented the software tooling.
+Michele Martone wrote the first draft of the environmental sustainability section.
 Everybody contributed to the final review and editing.
 
 \appendix