docs(token 22): guide for reallocate extension (#19)

* docs(token 22): guide for reallocate extension

* Add Solana Playground

* proofread

* refactor: changed dir

* refactor: editorial changes

---------

Co-authored-by: John <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: nickfrosty <[email protected]>

content/guides/token-extensions/reallocate.md

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+---
+date: Dec 7, 2023
+seoTitle: "Token Extensions: Reallocate instruction"
+title: How to use the Reallocate instruction
+description:
+  "The Token Extensions program has an account extension that can be applied
+  after initializing a Token Account, enabling expanding support for more
+  extensions after initial creation."
+keywords:
+  - token 2022
+  - token extensions
+  - token program
+difficulty: beginner
+tags:
+  - token 2022
+  - token extensions
+---
+
+To enable additional extensions on existing Token Accounts created via the Token
+Extension program, additional space must first be reallocated to accommodate the
+extra data required by these extensions. This can be done using the `reallocate`
+instruction.
+
+For example, this allows existing Token Accounts can be updated to enable the
+[`MemoTransfer`](/content/guides/token-extensions/required-memo.md) and
+`CpiGuard` extensions.
+
+In this guide, we'll walk through an example of using Solana Playground. Here is
+the [final script](https://beta.solpg.io/65723a50fb53fa325bfd0c52).
+
+## Getting Started
+
+Start by opening this Solana Playground
+[link](https://beta.solpg.io/656e19acfb53fa325bfd0c46) with the following
+starter code.
+
+```javascript
+// Client
+console.log("My address:", pg.wallet.publicKey.toString());
+const balance = await pg.connection.getBalance(pg.wallet.publicKey);
+console.log(`My balance: ${balance / web3.LAMPORTS_PER_SOL} SOL`);
+```
+
+If it is your first time using Solana Playground, you'll first need to create a
+Playground Wallet and fund the wallet with devnet SOL.
+
+<Callout type="info">
+
+If you do not have a Playground wallet, you may see a type error within the
+editor on all declarations of `pg.wallet.publicKey`. This type error will clear
+after you create a Playground wallet.
+
+</Callout>
+
+To get devnet SOL, run the `solana airdrop` command in the Playground's
+terminal, or visit this [devnet faucet](https://faucet.solana.com/).
+
+```
+solana airdrop 5
+```
+
+Once you've created and funded the Playground wallet, click the "Run" button to
+run the starter code.
+
+## Add Dependencies
+
+Let's start by setting up our script. We'll be using the `@solana/web3.js` and
+`@solana/spl-token` libraries.
+
+Replace the starter code with the following:
+
+```javascript
+import {
+  Connection,
+  Transaction,
+  clusterApiUrl,
+  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
+} from "@solana/web3.js";
+import {
+  ExtensionType,
+  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
+  createAccount,
+  createMint,
+  createReallocateInstruction,
+  createEnableRequiredMemoTransfersInstruction,
+} from "@solana/spl-token";
+
+// Playground wallet
+const payer = pg.wallet.keypair;
+
+// Connection to devnet cluster
+const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
+
+// Transaction signature returned from sent transaction
+let transactionSignature: string;
+```
+
+## Create Mint and Token Account
+
+First, we'll need to create a new Mint Account.
+
+```javascript
+// Authority that can mint new tokens
+const mintAuthority = pg.wallet.publicKey;
+// Decimals for Mint Account
+const decimals = 2;
+
+// Create Mint Account
+const mint = await createMint(
+  connection,
+  payer, // Payer of the transaction and initialization fees
+  mintAuthority, // Mint Authority
+  null, // Optional Freeze Authority
+  decimals, // Decimals of Mint
+  undefined, // Optional keypair
+  undefined, // Options for confirming the transaction
+  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token Extension Program ID
+);
+```
+
+Next, let's create a Token Account with no extensions enabled.
+
+```javascript
+// Create Token Account for Playground wallet
+const tokenAccount = await createAccount(
+  connection,
+  payer, // Payer to create Token Account
+  mint, // Mint Account address
+  payer.publicKey, // Token Account owner
+  undefined, // Optional keypair, default to Associated Token Account
+  undefined, // Confirmation options
+  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token Extension Program ID
+);
+```
+
+## Build Instructions
+
+Next, let's build a transaction to enable the `MemoTransfer` extensions for an
+existing Token Account.
+
+First, build the instruction to reallocate the Token Account with enough space
+for the specified extension. The Token Extensions Program includes a
+[reallocate instruction](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/master/token/program-2022/src/extension/reallocate.rs#L24)
+that automatically calculates the space and lamports required.
+
+```javascript
+// Extensions to reallocate data for
+const extensions = [ExtensionType.MemoTransfer];
+// Instruction to reallocate Token Account data
+const reallocateInstruction = createReallocateInstruction(
+  tokenAccount, // Token Account address
+  payer.publicKey, // Payer to reallocate data
+  extensions, // Extensions to reallocate for
+  payer.publicKey, // Token Account owner
+  undefined, // Additional signers
+  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token Extension Program ID
+);
+```
+
+Next, build the instruction to enable the `MemoTransfer` extension for the Token
+Account.
+
+```javascript
+// Instruction to initialize the MemoTransfer Extension
+const enableRequiredMemoTransfersInstruction =
+  createEnableRequiredMemoTransfersInstruction(
+    tokenAccount, // Token Account address
+    payer.publicKey, // Token Account Owner
+    undefined, // Additional signers
+    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, // Token Extension Program ID
+  );
+```
+
+## Send Transaction
+
+Next, let's add the instructions to a new transaction and send it to the
+network. This will update the Token Account with the `MemoTransfer` extension
+enabled.
+
+```javascript
+// Add instructions to new transaction
+const transaction = new Transaction().add(
+  reallocateInstruction,
+  enableRequiredMemoTransfersInstruction,
+);
+
+// Send Transactoin
+transactionSignature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(
+  connection,
+  transaction,
+  [payer],
+);
+
+console.log(
+  "\nReallocate:",
+  `https://solana.fm/tx/${transactionSignature}?cluster=devnet-solana`,
+);
+```
+
+Run the script by clicking the `Run` button. You can then inspect the
+transaction details on SolanaFM.
+
+## Conclusion
+
+The reallocate instruction on the Token Extensions program offers a flexible way
+to update existing Token Accounts with additional functionalities. This
+instruction is useful for token owners who may not have foreseen the need for
+certain extensions initially, but find themselves requiring these additional
+features at a later time.