refactor: Optimize dockerfiles for production images #12041

Job	Run time
build_js	2m 21s
build_details	2s
build_opam (4.14.x)	6m 42s
build_opam (5.2.x)	5m 1s
build_no_depopts	6m 19s
lezer_parse	51s
build_posix (debian_trixie, amd64)	16m 29s
build_win32 (x64)	10m 38s
build_posix (debian_trixie, arm64)	14m 43s
run_tests (@citest)	13m 47s
build_posix (debian_bookworm, amd64)	15m 58s
tree_sitter_parse	47s
run_tests (@doctest)	8m 6s
build_posix (debian_bookworm, arm64)	13m 16s
run_tests (@mediatest)	12m 46s
build_posix (ubuntu_oracular, amd64)	16m 35s
update_doc	0s
build_posix (ubuntu_oracular, arm64)	13m 20s
build_posix (ubuntu_noble, amd64)	15m 47s
build_posix (ubuntu_noble, arm64)	13m 55s
build_posix (alpine, amd64)	12m 28s
build_posix (alpine, arm64)	9m 1s
build_docker	0s
build_docker_alpine	0s
build_docker_minimal	0s
update_release	0s
build_docker_alpine_minimal	0s
build_docker_release	0s
build_docker_release-minimal	0s
	3h 28m 52s

Provide feedback