Add xtask tool to generate event UIDs

According to the iCalendar (IETF) RFC 5545, the UID for each event
must be "globally unique".  In this context, that means that the
identifier must not collide with any other identifier for any other
calendar event across all calendars, ever.

The way we were suggesting that people generate these, by calling out
to `date`, unfortunately falls a bit short of being able to assure
this.

Let's instead add a small tool runnable with `cargo xtask` to generate
sufficiently-long randomly-generated identifiers to make it easy for
people to do the right thing here for new events.

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[alias]
+xtask = "run --manifest-path ./xtask/Cargo.toml --"

README.md

@@ -107,8 +107,15 @@ to update `last_modified_on`. Some clients use `last_modified_on` to decide whet
 update to an event or recurrence or not. To ensure the client will publish the event, set
 `last_modified_on` to a value in the future (a few days past the current date should be enough).
 
-On Linux, you can get the current time in the right format in UTC with the command
-`TZ=UTC date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%2NZ"`.
+## How do I generate a UID for a new event?
+
+To generate a UID, run:
+
+```sh
+cargo xtask generate-uid
+```
+
+Use the printed value as the `uid` for the event.
 
 ## How do I remove an event?
 If the event isn't recurring, then you don't need to remove it, it'll just stay in the calendar

xtask/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "calendar-xtask"
+version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2021"
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+publish = false
+
+[dependencies]
+getrandom = { version = "0.2.15", default-features = false }

xtask/rustfmt.toml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+use_small_heuristics = "Max"

xtask/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+use std::process::ExitCode;
+
+/// Generate a UID for an RFC 5545 iCalendar event.
+///
+/// The iCalender (IETF) RFC 5545 requires, in section 3.8.4.7, that
+/// the `UID` be a:
+///
+/// > ...persistent, globally unique identifier for the calendar
+/// > component.
+///
+/// In this context, "globally unique" means that the identifier must
+/// not collide with any other identifier for any other calendar event
+/// across all calendars, ever.
+///
+/// To achieve this, we'll generate a hexidecimal encoding of 160
+/// randomly-generated bits.
+fn print_uid() {
+    const UID_LEN: usize = 20;
+    let mut xs = [0u8; UID_LEN];
+    getrandom::getrandom(&mut xs).unwrap();
+    xs.iter().for_each(|x| print!("{x:02x}"));
+    println!();
+}
+
+fn print_usage() {
+    const USAGE: &str = "\
+Usage: cargo xtask [OPTIONS] COMMAND
+
+Commands:
+  generate-uid, uid    Generate an event UID
+
+Options:
+  -h                   Print help
+";
+    println!("{USAGE}");
+}
+
+fn main() -> ExitCode {
+    let mut args = std::env::args();
+    let _arg0 = args.next().unwrap();
+    match args.next().as_deref() {
+        Some("-h") => print_usage(),
+        Some("generate-uid" | "uid") => print_uid(),
+        _ => {
+            print_usage();
+            return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+        }
+    }
+    ExitCode::SUCCESS
+}