ssl: support IO-like object as the underlying transport

OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket currently requires a real IO (socket) object
because it passes the file descriptor to OpenSSL.

OpenSSL internally uses an I/O abstraction layer called BIO to interact
with the underlying socket. BIO is pluggable; the implementation can be
supplied by a user application as long as it implements the necessary
BIO functions. We can make our own BIO implementation ("BIO method")
that wraps any Ruby IO-like object using normal Ruby method calls.

Support for such an IO-like object is useful for establishing TLS
connections on top of non-OS sockets, such as another TLS connection or
an HTTP/2 tunnel.

For performance reason, this patch continues to use the original socket
BIO if the user passes a real IO object.

ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c

@@ -1551,7 +1551,11 @@ static void
 ossl_ssl_mark(void *ptr)
 {
     SSL *ssl = ptr;
-    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx));
+    VALUE obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+
+    // Ensure GC compaction won't move objects referenced by OpenSSL objects
+    rb_gc_mark(obj);
+    rb_gc_mark(rb_attr_get(obj, id_i_io));
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1601,13 +1605,29 @@ peeraddr_ip_str(VALUE self)
     return rb_rescue2(peer_ip_address, self, fallback_peer_ip_address, (VALUE)0, rb_eSystemCallError, NULL);
 }
 
+static int
+is_real_socket(VALUE io)
+{
+    // FIXME: DO NOT MERGE
+    return 0;
+    return RB_TYPE_P(io, T_FILE);
+}
+
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    SSLSocket.new(io) => aSSLSocket
  *    SSLSocket.new(io, ctx) => aSSLSocket
  *
- * Creates a new SSL socket from _io_ which must be a real IO object (not an
- * IO-like object that responds to read/write).
+ * Creates a new SSL socket from _io_ which must be an IO object
+ * or an IO-like object that at least implements the following methods:
+ *
+ *  - <tt>write_nonblock</tt> with <tt>exception: false</tt>
+ *  - <tt>read_nonblock</tt> with <tt>exception: false</tt>
+ *  - <tt>wait_readable</tt>
+ *  - <tt>wait_writable</tt>
+ *  - <tt>flush</tt>
+ *  - <tt>close</tt>
+ *  - <tt>closed?</tt>
  *
  * If _ctx_ is provided the SSL Sockets initial params will be taken from
  * the context.
@@ -1635,9 +1655,18 @@ ossl_ssl_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_context, v_ctx);
     ossl_sslctx_setup(v_ctx);
 
-    if (rb_respond_to(io, rb_intern("nonblock=")))
-	rb_funcall(io, rb_intern("nonblock="), 1, Qtrue);
-    Check_Type(io, T_FILE);
+    if (is_real_socket(io)) {
+        rb_io_t *fptr;
+        GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
+        rb_io_set_nonblock(fptr);
+    }
+    else {
+        // Not meant to be a comprehensive check
+        if (!rb_respond_to(io, rb_intern("read_nonblock")) ||
+            !rb_respond_to(io, rb_intern("write_nonblock")))
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "io must be a real IO object or an IO-like "
+                     "object that responds to read_nonblock and write_nonblock");
+    }
     rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_io, io);
 
     ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
@@ -1669,18 +1698,24 @@ ossl_ssl_setup(VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE io;
     SSL *ssl;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
 
     GetSSL(self, ssl);
     if (ssl_started(ssl))
 	return Qtrue;
 
     io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
-    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
-    rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
-    rb_io_check_writable(fptr);
-    if (!SSL_set_fd(ssl, TO_SOCKET(rb_io_descriptor(io))))
-        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_set_fd");
+    if (is_real_socket(io)) {
+        rb_io_t *fptr;
+        GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
+        rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
+        rb_io_check_writable(fptr);
+        if (!SSL_set_fd(ssl, TO_SOCKET(rb_io_descriptor(io))))
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_set_fd");
+    }
+    else {
+        BIO *bio = ossl_bio_new(io);
+        SSL_set_bio(ssl, bio, bio);
+    }
 
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -1691,6 +1726,38 @@ ossl_ssl_setup(VALUE self)
 #define ssl_get_error(ssl, ret) SSL_get_error((ssl), (ret))
 #endif
 
+static void
+check_bio_error(SSL *ssl, VALUE io, int ret)
+{
+    if (is_real_socket(io))
+        return;
+
+    BIO *bio = SSL_get_rbio(ssl);
+    int state = ossl_bio_state(bio);
+    if (!state)
+        return;
+
+    /*
+     * Operation may succeed while the underlying socket reports an error in
+     * some cases. For example, when TLS 1.3 server tries to send a
+     * NewSessionTicket on a closed socket (IOW, when the client disconnects
+     * right after finishing a handshake).
+     *
+     * According to ssl/statem/statem_srvr.c conn_is_closed(), EPIPE and
+     * ECONNRESET may be ignored.
+     *
+     * FIXME BEFORE MERGE: Currently ignoring all SystemCallError.
+     */
+    int error_code = SSL_get_error(ssl, ret);
+    if ((ret > 0 || error_code == SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN || error_code == SSL_ERROR_SSL) &&
+        rb_obj_is_kind_of(rb_errinfo(), rb_eSystemCallError)) {
+        rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
+        return;
+    }
+    ossl_clear_error();
+    rb_jump_tag(state);
+}
+
 static void
 write_would_block(int nonblock)
 {
@@ -1729,6 +1796,11 @@ no_exception_p(VALUE opts)
 static void
 io_wait_writable(VALUE io)
 {
+    if (!is_real_socket(io)) {
+        if (!RTEST(rb_funcallv(io, rb_intern("wait_writable"), 0, NULL)))
+            rb_raise(IO_TIMEOUT_ERROR, "Timed out while waiting to become writable!");
+        return;
+    }
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_MAYBE_WAIT
     if (!rb_io_maybe_wait_writable(errno, io, RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT)) {
         rb_raise(IO_TIMEOUT_ERROR, "Timed out while waiting to become writable!");
@@ -1743,6 +1815,11 @@ io_wait_writable(VALUE io)
 static void
 io_wait_readable(VALUE io)
 {
+    if (!is_real_socket(io)) {
+        if (!RTEST(rb_funcallv(io, rb_intern("wait_readable"), 0, NULL)))
+            rb_raise(IO_TIMEOUT_ERROR, "Timed out while waiting to become readable!");
+        return;
+    }
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_MAYBE_WAIT
     if (!rb_io_maybe_wait_readable(errno, io, RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT)) {
         rb_raise(IO_TIMEOUT_ERROR, "Timed out while waiting to become readable!");
@@ -1767,8 +1844,10 @@ ossl_start_ssl(VALUE self, int (*func)(SSL *), const char *funcname, VALUE opts)
     GetSSL(self, ssl);
 
     VALUE io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
+
     for (;;) {
         ret = func(ssl);
+        check_bio_error(ssl, io, ret);
 
         cb_state = rb_attr_get(self, ID_callback_state);
         if (!NIL_P(cb_state)) {
@@ -1963,6 +2042,8 @@ ossl_ssl_read_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int nonblock)
     rb_str_locktmp(str);
     for (;;) {
         int nread = SSL_read(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(str), ilen);
+        check_bio_error(ssl, io, nread);
+
         switch (ssl_get_error(ssl, nread)) {
           case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
             rb_str_unlocktmp(str);
@@ -2067,6 +2148,8 @@ ossl_ssl_write_internal(VALUE self, VALUE str, VALUE opts)
 
     for (;;) {
         int nwritten = SSL_write(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(tmp), num);
+        check_bio_error(ssl, io, nwritten);
+
         switch (ssl_get_error(ssl, nwritten)) {
           case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
             return INT2NUM(nwritten);
@@ -2144,7 +2227,15 @@ ossl_ssl_stop(VALUE self)
     GetSSL(self, ssl);
     if (!ssl_started(ssl))
 	return Qnil;
+
     ret = SSL_shutdown(ssl);
+
+    /* XXX: Suppressing errors from the underlying socket */
+    VALUE io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
+    BIO *bio = SSL_get_rbio(ssl);
+    if (!is_real_socket(io) && ossl_bio_state(bio))
+        rb_set_errinfo(Qnil);
+
     if (ret == 1) /* Have already received close_notify */
 	return Qnil;
     if (ret == 0) /* Sent close_notify, but we don't wait for reply */

test/openssl/test_pair.rb

@@ -67,6 +67,32 @@ def create_tcp_client(host, port)
   end
 end
 
+module OpenSSL::SSLPairIOish
+  include OpenSSL::SSLPairM
+
+  def create_tcp_server(host, port)
+    Addrinfo.tcp(host, port).listen
+  end
+
+  class TCPSocketWrapper
+    def initialize(io) @io = io end
+    def read_nonblock(*args, **kwargs) @io.read_nonblock(*args, **kwargs) end
+    def write_nonblock(*args, **kwargs) @io.write_nonblock(*args, **kwargs) end
+    def wait_readable() @io.wait_readable end
+    def wait_writable() @io.wait_writable end
+    def flush() @io.flush end
+    def close() @io.close end
+    def closed?() @io.closed? end
+
+    # Only used within test_pair.rb
+    def write(*args) @io.write(*args) end
+  end
+
+  def create_tcp_client(host, port)
+    TCPSocketWrapper.new(Addrinfo.tcp(host, port).connect)
+  end
+end
+
 module OpenSSL::TestEOF1M
   def open_file(content)
     ssl_pair { |s1, s2|
@@ -518,6 +544,12 @@ class OpenSSL::TestEOF1LowlevelSocket < OpenSSL::TestCase
   include OpenSSL::TestEOF1M
 end
 
+class OpenSSL::TestEOF1IOish < OpenSSL::TestCase
+  include OpenSSL::TestEOF
+  include OpenSSL::SSLPairIOish
+  include OpenSSL::TestEOF1M
+end
+
 class OpenSSL::TestEOF2 < OpenSSL::TestCase
   include OpenSSL::TestEOF
   include OpenSSL::SSLPair
@@ -530,6 +562,12 @@ class OpenSSL::TestEOF2LowlevelSocket < OpenSSL::TestCase
   include OpenSSL::TestEOF2M
 end
 
+class OpenSSL::TestEOF2IOish < OpenSSL::TestCase
+  include OpenSSL::TestEOF
+  include OpenSSL::SSLPairIOish
+  include OpenSSL::TestEOF2M
+end
+
 class OpenSSL::TestPair < OpenSSL::TestCase
   include OpenSSL::SSLPair
   include OpenSSL::TestPairM
@@ -540,4 +578,9 @@ class OpenSSL::TestPairLowlevelSocket < OpenSSL::TestCase
   include OpenSSL::TestPairM
 end
 
+class OpenSSL::TestPairIOish < OpenSSL::TestCase
+  include OpenSSL::SSLPairIOish
+  include OpenSSL::TestPairM
+end
+
 end

test/openssl/test_ssl.rb

@@ -4,17 +4,6 @@
 if defined?(OpenSSL::SSL)
 
 class OpenSSL::TestSSL < OpenSSL::SSLTestCase
-  def test_bad_socket
-    bad_socket = Struct.new(:sync).new
-    assert_raise TypeError do
-      socket = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new bad_socket
-      # if the socket is not a T_FILE, `connect` will segv because it tries
-      # to get the underlying file descriptor but the API it calls assumes
-      # the object type is T_FILE
-      socket.connect
-    end
-  end
-
   def test_ctx_options
     ctx = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
 
@@ -141,6 +130,65 @@ def test_socket_close_write
     end
   end
 
+  def test_synthetic_io_sanity_check
+    obj = Object.new
+    assert_raise_with_message(TypeError, /read_nonblock/) { OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(obj) }
+
+    obj = Object.new
+    obj.define_singleton_method(:read_nonblock) { |*args, **kwargs| }
+    obj.define_singleton_method(:write_nonblock) { |*args, **kwargs| }
+    assert_nothing_raised { OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(obj) }
+  end
+
+  def test_synthetic_io
+    start_server do |port|
+      tcp = TCPSocket.new("127.0.0.1", port)
+      obj = Object.new
+      obj.define_singleton_method(:read_nonblock) { |maxlen, exception:|
+        tcp.read_nonblock(maxlen, exception: exception) }
+      obj.define_singleton_method(:write_nonblock) { |str, exception:|
+        tcp.write_nonblock(str, exception: exception) }
+      obj.define_singleton_method(:wait_readable) { tcp.wait_readable }
+      obj.define_singleton_method(:wait_writable) { tcp.wait_writable }
+      obj.define_singleton_method(:flush) { tcp.flush }
+      obj.define_singleton_method(:closed?) { tcp.closed? }
+
+      ssl = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(obj)
+      assert_same obj, ssl.to_io
+
+      ssl.connect
+      ssl.puts "abc"; assert_equal "abc\n", ssl.gets
+    ensure
+      ssl&.close
+      tcp&.close
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_synthetic_io_write_nonblock_exception
+    start_server(ignore_listener_error: true) do |port|
+      tcp = TCPSocket.new("127.0.0.1", port)
+      obj = Object.new
+      [:read_nonblock, :wait_readable, :wait_writable, :flush, :closed?].each do |name|
+        obj.define_singleton_method(name) { |*args, **kwargs|
+          tcp.__send__(name, *args, **kwargs) }
+      end
+
+      # SSLSocket#connect calls write_nonblock at least twice: ClientHello and Finished
+      # Let's break the second call
+      called = 0
+      obj.define_singleton_method(:write_nonblock) { |*args, **kwargs|
+        raise "foo" if (called += 1) == 2
+        tcp.write_nonblock(*args, **kwargs)
+      }
+
+      ssl = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(obj)
+      assert_raise_with_message(RuntimeError, "foo") { ssl.connect }
+    ensure
+      ssl&.close
+      tcp&.close
+    end
+  end
+
   def test_add_certificate
     ctx_proc = -> ctx {
       # Unset values set by start_server