GH-91079: Raise recursion error on C stack overflow, instead of crashing.

[markshannon]

This is the first stage in implementing #91079.
It does not ask the O/S for stack size, instead using a fixed stack size of 100k words (800k bytes for 64 bit machines, 400k bytes for 32 bit machines).

This provides a base implementation for platforms other than the main three or four.

Full stack support for the major platforms will be added in subsequent PRs.

• Issue: Implement stack overflow protection for supported platforms #91079

[markshannon]

This approach is proving somewhat problematic.
I'm going back to using a counter, but having two counters: one for the Python recursion, and the other for C stack consumption.
We can then drop the C counter for platforms that allow us to probe the C stack.