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os: updates on Debian Linux install by practicalli
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@practicalli-johnny
practicalli-johnny committed Oct 17, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -11,6 +11,25 @@ Debian provides ISO images which can be burned onto compact disks or USB memory

The net install image is small and quick to download, containing only the essential packages to run an operating system.

Copy the Debian Linux ISO image to a USB of 1GB size or larger

!!! EXAMPLE "Create USB install disk from Debian ISO file"
```shell
cp debian.iso /dev/sda
```

??? HINT "Creating USB install disks with non-Debian images"
Find the name of the USB stick
```shell
ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/usb-*
```

Copy the image using the name of the USB Stick
```shell
dd bs=4M if=path/to/filename.iso of=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-My_flash_drive conv=fsync oflag=direct status=progress
```
[Arch Linux: ISO image command line utilities](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/USB_flash_installation_medium)


## Post Install

Expand All @@ -36,26 +55,26 @@ su -
## Set XDG freedesktop locations


=== "Zsh"

## Git install
```config
# Set XDG_CONFIG_HOME for clean management of configuration files
export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:=$HOME/.config}"
export XDG_DATA_HOME="${XDG_DATA_HOME:=$HOME/.local/share}"
export XDG_STATE_HOME="${XDG_STATE_HOME:=$HOME/.local/state}"
export XDG_CACHE_HOME="${XDG_CACHE_HOME:=$HOME/.cache}"
export ZDOTDIR="${ZDOTDIR:=$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh}"
```

root@londo:~# apt install git
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
git-man liberror-perl patch
Suggested packages:
git-daemon-run | git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-email git-gui gitk
gitweb git-cvs git-mediawiki git-svn ed diffutils-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
git git-man liberror-perl patch
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 9,377 kB of archives.
After this operation, 48.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
=== "Bash"


## Git install

```shell
apt install git
```

## Clone practicalli/dotfiles

clone to projects/practicalli/dotfiles
Expand All @@ -65,6 +84,10 @@ clone to projects/practicalli/dotfiles

link .config/git to Practicall dotfiles/git directory

```shell
ln -s ~/projects/practicalli/dotfiles/git ~/.config/git
```

Update identity-practicalli-john file with annonymous email address from GitHub settings > Emails section


Expand All @@ -84,62 +107,95 @@ Debian packages
apt install kitty kitty-doc kitty-shell-integration kitty-terminfo fonts-firacode

```
root@londo:~# sudo apt install kitty kitty-doc kitty-shell-integration kitty-terminfo
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libb2-1 libjs-jquery libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore librsync2
Suggested packages:
imagemagick
The following NEW packages will be installed:
kitty kitty-doc kitty-shell-integration kitty-terminfo libb2-1 libjs-jquery
libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore librsync2
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 4,106 kB of archives.
After this operation, 20.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]


Link to practicalli/dotfiles/kitty in .config directory

```shell
ln -s ~/projects/practicalli/dotfiles/kitty ~/.config/kitty
```

## Zsh and Prezto

Install zsh package using su -
## Zsh

Install zsh package

```shell
apt install zsh
```

as the user account, `zsh` command to change to zsh from bash shell
## Zsh Configuration

check if XDG_CONFIG_HOME is set, if not set to $HOME/.config on command line (practicalli dotfiles has a zshenv that does this later in process)
[Prezto]() and [OhMyZsh]() are community created configurations that provide a rich experience with very little work.

clone prezto to XDG location
!!! HINT "Prezto recommended"
Practicalli recommends Prezto as it has excellent completion capabilities, especially wish fish mode enabled.

link customised configuration files to practicalli dotfiles/zsh
OhMyZsh is used within Termux as Prezto has not worked correctly in my experiences.

- .zprezto practicalli customisations for Prezto
- .zprofile includes .local/bin on execution path
- .zshrc aliases for neovim configurations (astro, practicalli
- .zshenv configures XDG locations

> cd .config/zsh
> ls -la
total 112
drwxr-xr-x 3 practicalli practicalli 4096 Aug 9 16:10 .
drwx------ 12 practicalli practicalli 4096 Aug 8 20:54 ..
drwxr-xr-x 6 practicalli practicalli 4096 Aug 8 19:09 .zprezto
-rw-r--r-- 1 practicalli practicalli 92846 Aug 8 20:45 .p10k.zsh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 practicalli practicalli 53 Aug 8 20:35 .zlogin -> /home/practicalli/.config/zsh/.zprezto/runcoms/zlogin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 practicalli practicalli 54 Aug 8 20:35 .zlogout -> /home/practicalli/.config/zsh/.zprezto/runcoms/zlogout
lrwxrwxrwx 1 practicalli practicalli 62 Aug 8 20:38 .zpreztorc -> /home/practicalli/projects/practicalli/dotfiles/zsh/.zpreztorc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 practicalli practicalli 55 Aug 8 20:35 .zprofile -> /home/practicalli/.config/zsh/.zprezto/runcoms/zprofile
lrwxrwxrwx 1 practicalli practicalli 59 Aug 8 20:36 .zshenv -> /home/practicalli/projects/practicalli/dotfiles/zsh/.zshenv
-rw------- 1 practicalli practicalli 1460 Aug 9 16:10 .zsh_history
lrwxrwxrwx 1 practicalli practicalli 58 Aug 8 20:36 .zshrc -> /home/practicalli/projects/practicalli/dotfiles/zsh/.zshrc
=== "Prezto"

Prezto provides sane defaults, aliases, functions, auto completion, and prompt themes.


As the user account, `zsh` command to change to zsh from bash shell

check if XDG_CONFIG_HOME is set, if not set to $HOME/.config on command line (practicalli dotfiles has a zshenv that does this later in process)

clone prezto to XDG location

!!! EXAMPLE "Clone Prezto to XDG_CONFIG_HOME"
```shell
git clone --recursive https://github.com/sorin-ionescu/prezto.git "${ZDOTDIR:-${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/zsh}/.zprezto"
```


```shell
export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:=$HOME/.config}"
[[ -d $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh ]] && export ZDOTDIR="$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/zsh"
source "$ZDOTDIR/.zshenv"
```

Generate symbolic links to the zsh configuration files residing in the prezto directory

```shell
setopt EXTENDED_GLOB
for rcfile in "${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}"/.zprezto/runcoms/^README.md(.N); do
ln -s "$rcfile" "${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.${rcfile:t}"
done
```

Practicalli creates custom configuration files to keep updating Prezto a simple Git pull.

- `.zprezto` practicalli customisations for Prezto
- `.zprofile` includes .local/bin on execution path
- `.zshrc` aliases for neovim configurations (astro, practicalli
- `.zshenv` configures XDG locations

```shell
.zprezto
.p10k.zsh
.zlogin -> /home/practicalli/.config/zsh/.zprezto/runcoms/zlogin
.zlogout -> /home/practicalli/.config/zsh/.zprezto/runcoms/zlogout
.zpreztorc -> /home/practicalli/projects/practicalli/dotfiles/zsh/.zpreztorc
.zprofile -> /home/practicalli/.config/zsh/.zprezto/runcoms/zprofile
.zshenv -> /home/practicalli/projects/practicalli/dotfiles/zsh/.zshenv
.zsh_history
.zshrc -> /home/practicalli/projects/practicalli/dotfiles/zsh/.zshrc
```

!!! EXAMPLE "Change the default shell"
```shell
chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh
```


## Neovim

!!! HINT "Practicalli Neovim install"
See the [install guide in Practicalli Neovim](https://practical.li/neovim/install/) book


Required packages

- `curl` - suggested by neovim checkhealth
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -263,3 +319,42 @@ When the timedateclt is disabled, then the `date` command can be used to set a s
```

> Linux used to use the ntp service which is available via the Debian `ntp` package, but not used by Gnome desktop

## Add Sid packages on Testing

Packages can be installed from `sid` (unstable) when the `testing` version of Debian Linux is installed, referred to as "Testing-Unstable Mix".


Configure apt to ensure a testing system stays on testing, without apt upgrading every package to the unstable version.

Define testing as the default Debian release

!!! EXAMPLE "Set Default Release as testing with security updates"
```config title="/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20-tum.conf"
APT::Default-Release "/^testing(|-security|-updates)$/";
```

In the Apt sources.list configuration, copy the main testing line and change the version to unstable

!!! EXAMPLE "Add unstable to package sources"
```conf title="/etc/apt/sources.list"
# Testing
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free-firmware non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free-firmware non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free-firmware non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie-backports main contrib non-free-firmware non-free

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free-firmware
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free-firmware

# Sid
# deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free-firmware non-free
```

Run apt update to refresh the cache. Use `apt -t unstable install <package-name>` to install package foo from unstable rather than testing.

!!! EXAMPLE "Install specific package from Sid"
```shell
apt -t unstable install hyprland
```

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