Merge branch 'main' into patch-1

contents/english/2-2-the-life-of-a-digital-democracy.md

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Taiwan is also marked by a unique experience with religion among rich countries,
 
 Taiwan is widely recognized both for the quality of its democracy and its resilience against technology-driven information manipulation.  Several indices, published by organizations such as Freedom House[^Freedom], the Economist Intelligence Unit[^EIU], the Bertelsmann Foundation and V-Dem, consistently rank Taiwan as among the freest and most effective democracies on earth.[^demrank]  While Taiwan's precise ranking differs across these indices (ranging from first to merely in the top 15%), it nearly always stands out as the strongest democracy in Asia and the strongest democracy younger than 30 years old; even if one includes the wave of post-Soviet democracies immediately before this, almost all are less than half Taiwan's size, typically an order of magnitude smaller.  Thus Taiwan is at least regarded as Asia's strongest democracy and the strongest young democracy of reasonable size and by many as the world's absolute strongest.  Furthermore, while democracy has generally declined in every region of the world in the last decade according to these indices, Taiwan's democratic scores have substantially increased.
 
-In addition to this overall strength, Taiwan is noted for its resistance to polarization and threats to information integrity. A variety of studies using a range of methodologies have found that Taiwan is one of the least politically, socially and religiously polarized developed countries in the world, though some have found a slight upward trend in political polarization since the Sunflower movement.[^polarization]  This is especially true in *affective polarization*, the holding of negative or hostile personal attitudes towards political opponents, with Taiwan consistently among the 5 least affectively polarized countries. 
+In addition to this overall strength, Taiwan is noted for its resistance to polarization and threats to information integrity. A variety of studies using a range of methodologies have found that Taiwan is one of the least socially, ethnically and religiously polarized developed countries in the world, though some have found a slight upward trend in political polarization since the Sunflower movement.[^polarization]  This is especially true in *affective polarization*, the holding of negative or hostile personal attitudes towards political opponents, with Taiwan consistently among the 5 least affectively polarized countries.[^LeaderAffectivePolarization]
 
 This is despite analyses consistently finding Taiwan to be the jurisdiction targeted for the largest volume of disinformation on earth.[^disinfovolume]  One reason for this paradoxical result may be the finding by political scientists  Bauer and Wilson  that unlike in many other contexts, foreign manipulation fails to exacerbate partisan divides in Taiwan. Instead, it tends to galvanize a unified stance among Taiwanese against external interference.[^Disinfo]
 
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ It will doubtless take decades of study to understand the precise causal connect
 [^wikireligion]: “Religion in Taiwan,” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, January 12, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan.
 [^demrank]: “Democracy Indices,” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, March 5, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_indices#:~:text=Democracy%20indices%20are%20quantitative%20and..
 [^polarization]: Laura Silver, Janell Fetterolf, and Aidan Connaughton, “Diversity and Division in Advanced Economies,” Pew Research Center, October 13, 2021, https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2021/10/13/diversity-and-division-in-advanced-economies/.; 
+[^LeaderAffectivePolarization]: Andres Reiljan, Diego Garzia, Frederico Ferreira da Silva, and Alexander H. Trechsel. “Patterns of Affective Polarization toward Parties and Leaders across the Democratic World.” American Political Science Review 118, no. 2 (2024): 654–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055423000485.
 [^disinfovolume]: Adrian Rauchfleisch, Tzu-Hsuan Tseng, Jo-Ju Kao, and Yi-Ting Liu, “Taiwan’s Public Discourse about Disinformation: The Role of Journalism, Academia, and Politics,” _Journalism Practice_ 17, no. 10 (August 18, 2022): 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2022.2110928.
 [^Disinfo]: Fin Bauer, and Kimberly Wilson, “Reactions to China-Linked Fake News: Experimental Evidence from Taiwan,” The China Quarterly 249 (March 2022): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030574102100134X.
 [^crime]: “Crime Index by Country,” Numbeo, 2023, https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp.

contents/english/5-7-social-markets.md

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ As we highlighted in the [Connected Society](https://www.plurality.net/v/chapter
 [^Marketdesign]:Atila Abdulkadiroğlu, Parag A. Pathak and Alvin E. Roth, "The New York City High School Match", *American Economic Review* 95, no. 2 (2005): 365-367.  Nicole Immorlica, Brendan Lucier, Glen Weyl and Joshua Mollner, "Approximate Efficiency in Matching Markets" *International Conference on Web and Internet Economics* (2017): 252-265. Roth et al., op. cit.
 [^Esteem]: Nicole Immorlica, Greg Stoddard and Vasilis Syrgkanis, "Social Status and Badge Design", *WWW '15: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web* (2015: 473-483.
 
-While this blossoming of alternatives to simplistic markets is a powerful proof of concept for moving beyond the traditional limits of the market.  But they represent the beginning, not the end, of the possibilities for the technologically enabled social markets of the future.
+While this blossoming of alternatives to simplistic markets is a powerful proof of concept for moving beyond the traditional limits of the market, they represent the beginning, not the end, of the possibilities for the technologically enabled social markets of the future.
 
 ### Frontiers of social markets