build: Upgrade to Node 20

[Anas12091101]

As a second step in the Node 20 upgrade process, upgrade .nvmrc and regenerate package-lock.json from scratch using Node 20. Also make the Node 20 test a blocking one.

See the tracking issue for futher information.

[openedx-webhooks]

Thanks for the pull request, @Anas12091101!

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 100.00%. Comparing base (c5d9bfb) to head (1131bf7).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##            master      #349   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage   100.00%   100.00%           
=========================================
  Files          111       111           
  Lines         1082      1082           
  Branches       158       160    +2     
=========================================
  Hits          1082      1082           

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
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[Anas12091101]

@brian-smith-tcril, thank you for merging the first PR. Could you please help with reviewing and merging this PR as well?