[chore] switch to ubuntu 24.04 to identify breaking changes (#36839) #18376

Job	Run time
arm-unittest-matrix (receiver-0)	5m 38s
arm-unittest-matrix (receiver-1)	6m 49s
arm-unittest-matrix (receiver-2)	8m 55s
arm-unittest-matrix (receiver-3)	6m 21s
arm-unittest-matrix (processor-0)	3m 35s
arm-unittest-matrix (processor-1)	4m 34s
arm-unittest-matrix (exporter-0)	3m 9s
arm-unittest-matrix (exporter-1)	9m 34s
arm-unittest-matrix (exporter-2)	4m 9s
arm-unittest-matrix (exporter-3)	5m 5s
arm-unittest-matrix (extension)	5m 13s
arm-unittest-matrix (connector)	4m 3s
arm-unittest-matrix (internal)	6m 13s
arm-unittest-matrix (pkg)	3m 36s
arm-unittest-matrix (cmd-0)	1m 17s
arm-unittest-matrix (cmd-1)	1m 53s
arm-unittest-matrix (other)	4m 29s
arm-unittest	1s
	1h 24m 34s

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