Open re-implementation of the Quansheng UV-K5 v2.1.27 firmware

This repository is a fork of kamilsss65's NUNU firmware which in turn is a fork of Egzumer firmare.

This fork is primarily oriented towards scanning and improves upon kamilsss655's awesome spectrum channel scan mode. This firmware is provided as-is, I offer no support and no guarantees of any kind. I made this for myself but hope someone finds it useful. Questions, feedback and PRs are welcome but no promises.

My changes over kamilsss65's NUNU firmware:

• 15 scanlists instead of the normal 2. Each channel can only belong to one scanlist but in spectrum channel scan mode you can enable any combination of lists for scanning. In spectrum channel scan mode, press 4 followed by the number of the list (or 0 for 10, * for 11, F for 12, M for 13, UP for 14, DOWN for 15) to toggle that list on or off. Press 5 followed by the number of the list to disable all other lists and just enable that one. No lists enabled means scan all channels. The currently enabled scanlists are shown in the status line at the top of the display (e.g. SL 2 456 ).

  When you enable a scanlist, the name of the first channel from it is shown briefly as a reminder of what that list is.

  The scanlist that a channel belongs to is shown to the right of the channel name/frequency in memory mode (does not currently work with ChDisp set to FREQ) and can be changed by long pressing 5 as usual, or it can be managed via CHIRP (see note below).

  In regular scanning mode you can switch scanlists as before by long pressing *.

  To make room for the additional scanlists in the EEPROM, the compander settings are no longer stored in channel memory.

• Automatic modulation and bandwidth in spectrum mode. When the spectrum scan (in either channel or frequency mode) detects a transmission on a known channel, it will automatically switch to the correct modulation and bandwidth configured for that channel. This means you can have channels with different modulations and bandwidths included in the scan and they will be demodulated correctly.

• Large channel name display in spectrum mode. The current channel name is shown above the frequency in the spectrum mode so it's easier to see which channel is being received. In spectrum channel scan mode the current channel number is shown in a small font on the left below the number of channels (e.g. M21).

  The channel name is shown in bold while receiving and the just received channel name will stay on screen for a second or so after rx ends. When not receiving, the name of the current strongest channel will be shown in normal font. This is to make it easier to see what it was you just heard.

• Backlight timeout in spectrum mode. The backlight behaves normally in spectrum mode, ie. it lights up when any button is pressed or a transmission is received and turns off after the normal delay when there is no activity. Press 8 to toggle always-on backlight on or off if you want to see the spectrum more clearly.

• Messenger and encryption removed to make more room.

Tip

NOTE! You need to use my fork of the UV-K5 CHIRP driver with this firmware.

Kamilsss65's NUNU firmware, which this is a fork of, has the following additions over Egzumer firmare:

• ENABLE_SPECTRUM_CHANNEL_SCAN this enables spectrum channel scan mode (enter by going into memory mode and press F+5, this allows SUPER fast channel scanning (4.5x faster than regular scanning), regular scan of 200 memory channels takes roughly 18 seconds, spectrum memory scan takes roughly 4 seconds, if you have less channels stored i.e 50 - the spectrum memory scan will take only 1 second
• NUNU Protocol - message hopping mesh network functionality which allows to extend the range of infrastructure-less communications via intermediate stations (nodes), more info at Mesh network
• ENABLE_ENCRYPTION - ChaCha20 256 bit encryption for the messenger, more info at Encryption
• Fixed AM AGC so AM demodulation is crystal clear, no audible clicks, no need for AM_FIX.
• RxOff menu setting offsets the receive frequency by any specified amount in the range of 0-150Mhz for use with upconverters. Allows to fine tune frequency (in 1kHz steps) as opposed to other implementations that use hardcoded offsets. (IMPORTANT: Make sure you set this value to 0 if not using an upconverter, when used for the first time. Otherwise it might load some random offset from EEPROM.)
• ENABLE_SPECTRUM_COPY_VFO allowing to exit the spectrum and fine tuning screen with PTT button and copy current peak frequency, modulation, step, bandwidth to VFO. Also entering spectrum will carry these settings from VFO (full integration). Now to enter fine tuning screen in spectrum press MENU button. This allows you to save and respond to the frequencies found much faster.
• ENABLE_SPECTRUM_SHOW_CHANNEL_NAME shows channel number and channel name of the peak frequency in spectrum
• ENABLE_ADJUSTABLE_RX_GAIN_SETTINGS keeps the rx gain settings set in spectrum mode after exit (otherwise these are always overwritten to default value), this makes much more sense considering that we have a radio with user adjustable gain so why not use it to adjust to current radio conditions, maximum gain allows to greatly increase reception in scan memory channels mode (in this configuration default gain settings are only set at boot and when exiting AM modulation mode to set it to sane value after am fix)
• VOXSen fixed and improved VOX sensitivity setting from menu. Added VoxDel - VOX delay setting allowing to set value to 0 for no VOX delay which might be useful for packet radio enthusiasts (APRS etc.).
• SqTone configurable squelch tail tones and 180* phase shift tail when in CTCSS mode

Warning

By using the firmware provided, users are responsible for ensuring compliance with all local laws and regulations governing the use of such technology. The author of the firmware shall not be held liable for any misuse or unlawful activities conducted by the user. It is the user's sole responsibility to use the firmware in a legal and responsible manner. By proceeding to use the firmware, users agree to abide by all applicable laws and regulations. Please note that this firmware has been created for scientific research purposes only. The firmware provided does not come with any form of warranty, express or implied. Users understand that there is a risk that the firmware may potentially brick their radio device. The author of the firmware shall not be held responsible for any damage caused to the user's radio device as a result of using the firmware. By proceeding to use the firmware, users agree to do so at their own risk and understand that the author will not be liable for any adverse consequences that may arise. It is the user's responsibility to proceed with caution and understand the potential risks involved in using the firmware.

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Table of Contents

• Videos
• Main Features
• Manual
• Radio Performance
• User Customization
• Compiler
• Building
• Credits
• How to contribute
• License

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Videos:

Video showing FM reception in spectrum channel mode:

spectrum-channel-mode-fm-compressed.mp4

Video showing AM reception in spectrum channel mode:

am_reception_0_cut.mp4

Video showing FM reception in spectrum channel mode:

spectrum-channel-fm-2.mp4

Video showing AM reception in VFO mode:

Video showing SSB reception with a CB antenna mounted on the roof of a car:

ssb-reception.mp4

Video of the NUNU Protocol enabling message hopping (available in v.21.0):

hop.mp4

Video of the NUNU Protocol with 4 radios:

hop2.mp4

Main features:

• many of OneOfEleven mods:
  • AM fix, huge improvement in reception quality
  • long press buttons functions replicating F+ action
  • fast scanning
  • channel name editing in the menu
  • channel name + frequency display option
  • shortcut for scan-list assignment (long press 5 NOAA)
  • scan-list toggle (long press * Scan while scanning)
  • configurable button function selectable from menu
  • battery percentage/voltage on status bar, selectable from menu
  • longer backlight times
  • mic bar
  • RSSI s-meter
  • more frequency steps
  • squelch more sensitive
• fagci spectrum analyzer (F+5 to turn on)
• some other mods introduced by egzumer:
  • SSB demodulation (adopted from fagci)
  • backlight dimming
  • battery voltage calibration from menu
  • better battery percentage calculation, selectable for 1600mAh or 2200mAh
  • more configurable button functions
  • long press MENU as another configurable button
  • better DCS/CTCSS scanning in the menu (* SCAN while in RX DCS/CTCSS menu item)
  • Piotr022 s-meter style
  • restore initial freq/channel when scanning stopped with EXIT, remember last found transmission with MENU button
  • reordered and renamed menu entries
  • LCD interference crash fix
• joaquimorg messenger

Manual

Please take a look at the Wiki section for instructions, tips and more:

• Radio operation

• Menu

• Button functions

• Spectrum analyzer

• Messenger

• Mesh network

• Encryption

• FM broadcast radio receiver

• Flashing the firmware

• Differences from egzumer firmware

• Tips & Tricks and Known Issues

Radio performance

Please note that the Quansheng UV-Kx radios are not professional quality transceivers, their performance is strictly limited. The RX front end has no track-tuned band pass filtering at all, and so are wide band/wide open to any and all signals over a large frequency range.

Using the radio in high intensity RF environments will most likely make reception anything but easy (AM mode will suffer far more than FM ever will), the receiver simply doesn't have a great dynamic range, which results in distorted AM audio with stronger RX'ed signals. There is nothing more anyone can do in firmware/software to improve that, once the RX gain adjustment I do (AM fix) reaches the hardwares limit, your AM RX audio will be all but non-existent (just like Quansheng's firmware). On the other hand, FM RX audio will/should be fine.

But, they are nice toys for the price, fun to play with.

User customization

You can customize the firmware by enabling/disabling various compile options, this allows us to remove certain firmware features in order to make room in the flash for others. You'll find the options at the top of "Makefile" ('0' = disable, '1' = enable) ..

ENABLE_CLANG                       := 0     **experimental, builds with clang instead of gcc (LTO will be disabled if you enable this)
ENABLE_SWD                         := 0       only needed if using CPU's SWD port (debugging/programming)
ENABLE_OVERLAY                     := 0       cpu FLASH stuff, not needed
ENABLE_LTO                         := 1     **experimental, reduces size of compiled firmware but might break EEPROM reads (OVERLAY will be disabled if you enable this)

ENABLE_UART                        := 1       without this you can't configure radio via PC !
ENABLE_AIRCOPY                     := 0       easier to just enter frequency with butts
ENABLE_FMRADIO                     := 1       WBFM VHF broadcast band receiver
ENABLE_NOAA                        := 0       everything NOAA (only of any use in the USA)
ENABLE_VOICE                       := 0       want to hear voices ?
ENABLE_VOX                         := 1
ENABLE_ALARM                       := 0       TX alarms
ENABLE_TX1750                      := 0       side key 1750Hz TX tone (older style repeater access)
ENABLE_PWRON_PASSWORD              := 0       power-on password stuff
ENABLE_DTMF_CALLING                := 0       DTMF calling fuctionality, sending calls, receiving calls, group calls, contacts list etc.

ENABLE_BIG_FREQ                    := 1       big font frequencies (like original QS firmware)
ENABLE_SMALL_BOLD                  := 1       bold channel name/no. (when name + freq channel display mode)
ENABLE_KEEP_MEM_NAME               := 1       maintain channel name when (re)saving memory channel
ENABLE_WIDE_RX                     := 1       full 18MHz to 1300MHz RX (though front-end/PA not designed for full range)
ENABLE_TX_WHEN_AM                  := 0       allow TX (always FM) when RX is set to AM
ENABLE_F_CAL_MENU                  := 0       enable the radios hidden frequency calibration menu
ENABLE_SHOW_CHARGE_LEVEL           := 0       show the charge level when the radio is on charge
ENABLE_REVERSE_BAT_SYMBOL          := 0       mirror the battery symbol on the status bar (+ pole on the right)
ENABLE_NO_CODE_SCAN_TIMEOUT        := 1       disable 32-sec CTCSS/DCS scan timeout (press exit butt instead of time-out to end scan)
ENABLE_SQUELCH_MORE_SENSITIVE      := 0       make squelch levels a little bit more sensitive - this has been reported to cause radio freeze in presence of strong signals
ENABLE_FASTER_CHANNEL_SCAN         := 1       increases the channel scan speed, but the squelch is also made more twitchy
ENABLE_RSSI_BAR                    := 1       enable a dBm/Sn RSSI bar graph level in place of the little antenna symbols
ENABLE_AUDIO_BAR                   := 1       experimental, display an audio bar level when TX'ing
ENABLE_COPY_CHAN_TO_VFO            := 1       copy current channel into the other VFO. Long press `1 BAND` when in channel mode
ENABLE_SPECTRUM                    := 1       fagci spectrum analyzer, activated with `F` + `5 NOAA`
ENABLE_REDUCE_LOW_POWER            := 1       makes low power settings even lower (L=0.45W M=3W H=4.7W (f=147Mhz))
ENABLE_BYP_RAW_DEMODULATORS        := 0       additional BYP (bypass?) and RAW demodulation options, proved not to be very useful, but it is there if you want to experiment
ENABLE_BLMIN_TMP_OFF               := 0       additional function for configurable buttons that toggles `BLMin` on and off wihout saving it to the EEPROM
ENABLE_SCAN_RANGES                 := 1       scan range mode for frequency scanning, see wiki for instructions (radio operation -> frequency scanning)
ENABLE_SPECTRUM_COPY_VFO           := 1       pressing MENU in spectrum mode will exit and copy current peak frequency, bw, step, modulation to current VFO, also entering spectrum will carry these settings from VFO (full integration)
ENABLE_SPECTRUM_SHOW_CHANNEL_NAME  := 1       shows channel number and channel name of the peak frequency in spectrum
ENABLE_ADJUSTABLE_RX_GAIN_SETTINGS := 1       keeps the rx gain settings set in spectrum mode after exit (otherwise these are always overwritten to default value), this makes much more sense considering that we have a radio with user adjustable gain so why not use it to adjust to current radio conditions, maximum gain allows to greatly increase reception in scan memory channels mode (in this configuration default gain settings are only set at boot and when exiting AM modulation mode to set it to sane value after am fix)
ENABLE_SPECTRUM_CHANNEL_SCAN       := 1       this enables spectrum channel scan mode (enter by going into memory mode and press F+5, this allows SUPER fast channel scanning (4.5x faster than regular scanning), regular scan of 200 memory channels takes roughly 18 seconds, spectrum memory scan takes roughly 4 seconds, if you have less channels stored i.e 50 - the spectrum memory scan will take only **1 second**
ENABLE_MESSENGER                   := 1       enable messenger
ENABLE_MESSENGER_FSK_MUTE          := 1       mutes speaker once it detects fsk sync word (might cause unintentional mutes during ctcss rx)
ENABLE_MESSENGER_NOTIFICATION      := 1       enable messenger delivery notification
ENABLE_MESSENGER_UART              := 0       enable sending messages via serial with SMS:content command (unreliable)
ENABLE_ENCRYPTION                  := 1       enable ChaCha20 256 bit encryption for messenger

Compiler

arm-none-eabi GCC version 10.3.1 is recommended, which is the current version on Ubuntu 22.04.03 LTS. Other versions may generate a flash file that is too big. You can get an appropriate version from: https://developer.arm.com/downloads/-/gnu-rm

clang may be used but isn't fully supported. Resulting binaries may also be bigger. You can get it from: https://releases.llvm.org/download.html

Building

If you have docker installed you can use compile-with-docker.bat (Windows) or compile-with-docker.sh (Linux/Mac), the output files are created in compiled-firmware folder. This method gives significantly smaller binaries, I've seen differences up to 1kb, so it can fit more functionalities this way. The challenge can be (or not) installing docker itself.

1. To compile:

make docker

2. To compile and flash:

make run

Credits

Many thanks to various people on Telegram for putting up with me during this effort and helping:

• OneOfEleven
• DualTachyon
• Egzumer
• Joaquimorg
• Mikhail
• Andrej
• Manuel
• @wagner
• @Lohtse Shar
• @Davide
• @Ismo OH2FTG
• @d1ced95
• @Matoz
• and others I forget

How to contribute

Thank you for your interest in contributing to this project! Here are some of the many ways in which you can help:

• Report bugs
• Suggest improvements
• Audit the source code
• Submit PRs to fix bugs or implement features
• Test new releases and updates
• Record videos and post on other platforms
• Spread the word about this project
• Write and edit the documentation
• Donate to the project using the "Sponsor" button

License

Original work Copyright 2023 Dual Tachyon https://github.com/DualTachyon

Modified work Copyright 2024 kamilsss655 https://github.com/kamilsss655

Modified work Copyright 2024 ntoivola https://github.com/ntoivola

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.