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# Untargeted GC-MS Workflow | ||
The workflow proposed herein is intended as a general pipeline for untargeted GC/EI-MS data preprocessing. GC/CI-MS can be processed analog to [LC-MS](../../workflows/lcmsworkflow/lcms-workflow.md). | ||
The main goal is essentially to turn the highly-complex GC-MS raw data into a list of features, and corresponding signal intensity, detected across the analysed samples. | ||
Such feature lists can then be annotated and/or exported for further downstream analysis (e.g., identification, search against spectral libraries, statistical analysis, etc.). | ||
A schematic representation of the workflow is shown below: | ||
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![workflow-image](mzmine_workflows_2_gc.png) | ||
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## Raw data processing | ||
The raw data processing consists of essentially two steps: [Data import](../../module_docs/io/data-import.md#ms-data) and [Mass detection](../../module_docs/featdet_mass_detection/mass-detection.md) | ||
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### Raw data import | ||
Either open (e.g. mzML) and native vendor (e.g. Thermo, Bruker) data formats can be imported in mzmine. All the supported formats can be found [here](../../module_docs/io/data-import.md#ms-data). | ||
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### Mass detection | ||
This step produces a list (referred to as "mass list") of the m/z values found in each MS scan across the LC run that exceed a user-defined threshold (i.e. noise level). For more details see the [Mass detection](../../module_docs/featdet_mass_detection/mass-detection.md) module. | ||
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## Feature detection | ||
The goal of the "Feature detection" is to obtain a list of all the detected features (characterized by a RT and m/z value) from the raw GC-MS data. | ||
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### Chromatogram building | ||
The first step in the Feature detection is to build the extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) for each detected m/z (see [Mass detection](../../module_docs/featdet_mass_detection/mass-detection.md)). | ||
For this, use the [Chromatogram builder](../../module_docs/lc-ms_featdet/featdet_adap_chromatogram_builder/adap-chromatogram-builder.md) module. | ||
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The "detected" features in each file are listed in the so-called "feature lists", which are then further processed and aligned to connect corresponding features across all samples. | ||
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### Smoothing in retention time dimension (optional) | ||
Depending on the GC peak shape (i.e. data noisiness), the user can perform smoothing in retention time dimension. | ||
For more details see the [Mass detection](../../module_docs/featdet_mass_detection/mass-detection.md) and [Smoothing](../../module_docs/featdet_smoothing/smoothing.md) modules. | ||
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### Feature resolving | ||
Feature resolving step enables separation of co-eluting and overlapping chromatography peaks. It is one of the pivotal steps in data preprocessing. For more details on the algorithm used and parameters settings, see the [Local minimum resolver](../../module_docs/featdet_resolver_local_minimum/local-minimum-resolver.md) module. | ||
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### Spectral deconvolution | ||
When using a hard ionization technique such as electron ionization (EI), multiple m/z values belong to the same compound. These m/z fragments can be grouped together based on their chromatographic behaviour (peak shape correlation). | ||
The grouping results in a cleaned up feature list as well as high quality deconvoluted GC/EI-MS spectra, perfect for spectral library matching. Find more info on [spectral deconvolution](../../module_docs/featdet_spectraldeconvolutiongc/spectraldeconvolutiongc.md) here. | ||
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## Feature alignment | ||
Feature alignment enables alignment of corresponding features across multiple samples. | ||
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### GC aligner | ||
This module aligns detected features in different samples through a match score. The score is calculated based on the retention time and spectral similarity of each feature. | ||
For more information, see the [GC aligner](../../module_docs/align_gcei/align_gc_ei.md) module. | ||
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## Gap-filling | ||
Absence of features in some samples can either reflect the truth - the metabolite is absent in the given sample, or it can be due to data preprocessing.To account for this, gap filling is applied as the next step. | ||
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## Annotation, Filtering, Statistics and Export | ||
Depending on the downstream analyses, there are several options which are accessible through the **Feature list methods** menu. Annotate compounds using [spectral library search](../../module_docs/id_spectral_library_search/spectral_library_search.md), | ||
apply various filtering criteria, explore the results using the statistics dashboard, or export the results. | ||
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## Page Contributors | ||
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{{ git_page_authors }} |
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