refactor: upgrade python syntax to support newer version

affiliate/factories.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 class AffiliateFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
     """Factory for Affiliate"""
 
-    code = factory.Sequence("affiliate-code-{0}".format)
+    code = factory.Sequence("affiliate-code-{}".format)
     name = fuzzy.FuzzyText(prefix="Affiliate ", length=30)
 
     class Meta:

authentication/middleware.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def process_exception(self, request, exception):
             url = self.get_redirect_uri(request, exception)
 
             if url:  # noqa: RET503
-                url += ("?" in url and "&" or "?") + "message={0}&backend={1}".format(  # noqa: UP030, UP032
+                url += ("?" in url and "&" or "?") + "message={}&backend={}".format(  # noqa: UP030, UP032
                     quote(message), backend_name
                 )
                 return redirect(url)

authentication/pipeline/user.py

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def create_user_via_email(
         created_user = create_user_with_generated_username(serializer, username)
         if created_user is None:
             raise IntegrityError(  # noqa: TRY301
-                "Failed to create User with generated username ({})".format(username)  # noqa: EM103, UP032
+                f"Failed to create User with generated username ({username})"  # noqa: EM103, UP032
             )
     except Exception as exc:
         raise UserCreationFailedException(backend, current_partial) from exc

cms/factories.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class Meta:
 class ProgramPageFactory(wagtail_factories.PageFactory):
     """ProgramPage factory class"""
 
-    title = factory.Sequence("Test page - Program {0}".format)
+    title = factory.Sequence("Test page - Program {}".format)
     program = factory.SubFactory(ProgramFactory, page=None)
     subhead = factory.fuzzy.FuzzyText(prefix="Subhead ")
     thumbnail_image = factory.SubFactory(wagtail_factories.ImageFactory)
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def post_gen(obj, create, extracted, **kwargs):  # noqa: ARG002, N805
 class CoursePageFactory(wagtail_factories.PageFactory):
     """CoursePage factory class"""
 
-    title = factory.Sequence("Test page - Course {0}".format)
+    title = factory.Sequence("Test page - Course {}".format)
     course = factory.SubFactory(CourseFactory, page=None)
     subhead = factory.fuzzy.FuzzyText(prefix="Subhead ")
     thumbnail_image = factory.SubFactory(wagtail_factories.ImageFactory)
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class ExternalCoursePageFactory(wagtail_factories.PageFactory):
 
     course = factory.SubFactory(CourseFactory, page=None)
 
-    title = factory.Sequence("Test page - External Course {0}".format)
+    title = factory.Sequence("Test page - External Course {}".format)
     external_marketing_url = factory.Faker("uri")
     marketing_hubspot_form_id = factory.Faker("bothify", text="??????????")
     subhead = factory.fuzzy.FuzzyText(prefix="Subhead ")
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class ExternalProgramPageFactory(wagtail_factories.PageFactory):
 
     program = factory.SubFactory(ProgramFactory, page=None)
 
-    title = factory.Sequence("Test page - External Program {0}".format)
+    title = factory.Sequence("Test page - External Program {}".format)
     external_marketing_url = factory.Faker("uri")
     marketing_hubspot_form_id = factory.Faker("bothify", text="??????????")
     subhead = factory.fuzzy.FuzzyText(prefix="Subhead ")

cms/models.py

@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ def get_context(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
             .exclude(Q(category=UPCOMING_WEBINAR) & Q(date__lt=now_in_utc().date()))
             .order_by("-category", "date")
         )
-        webinars_dict = defaultdict(lambda: [])  # noqa: PIE807
+        webinars_dict = defaultdict(list)  # noqa: PIE807
         for webinar in webinars:
             webinar.detail_page_url = webinar.detail_page_url(request)
             webinars_dict[webinar.category].append(webinar)
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ def get_url_parts(self, request=None):
             # of the Course/Program instead (e.g.: "/courses/course-v1:edX+DemoX+Demo_Course")
             re.sub(
                 self.slugged_page_path_pattern,
-                r"\1{}\3".format(self.product.readable_id),  # noqa: UP032
+                fr"\1{self.product.readable_id}\3",  # noqa: UP032
                 url_parts[2],
             ),
         )
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@ class Meta:
     def can_create_at(cls, parent):
         # You can only create one of these page under course / program.
         return (
-            super(CourseProgramChildPage, cls).can_create_at(parent)  # noqa: UP008
+            super().can_create_at(parent)  # noqa: UP008
             and parent.get_children().type(cls).count() == 0
         )
 

compliance/test_utils.py

@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ def mock_cybersource_wsdl(mocked_responses, settings, service_version=SERVICE_VE
     Mocks the responses to achieve a functional WSDL
     """
     # in order for zeep to load the wsdl, it will load the wsdl and the accompanying xsd definitions
-    with open(f"{DATA_DIR}/CyberSourceTransaction_{service_version}.wsdl", "r") as wsdl:  # noqa: PTH123, UP015
+    with open(f"{DATA_DIR}/CyberSourceTransaction_{service_version}.wsdl") as wsdl:  # noqa: PTH123, UP015
         mocked_responses.add(
             mocked_responses.GET,
             settings.CYBERSOURCE_WSDL_URL,
             body=wsdl.read(),
             status=status.HTTP_200_OK,
         )
-    with open(f"{DATA_DIR}/CyberSourceTransaction_{SERVICE_VERSION}.xsd", "r") as xsd:  # noqa: PTH123, UP015
+    with open(f"{DATA_DIR}/CyberSourceTransaction_{SERVICE_VERSION}.xsd") as xsd:  # noqa: PTH123, UP015
         mocked_responses.add(
             mocked_responses.GET,
             f"http://localhost/service/CyberSourceTransaction_{service_version}.xsd",

courses/api.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def get_user_enrollments(user):
             for program_enrollment in program_enrollments
         )
     )
-    program_course_ids = set(course.id for course in program_courses)  # noqa: C401
+    program_course_ids = {course.id for course in program_courses}  # noqa: C401
     course_run_enrollments = (
         CourseRunEnrollment.objects.select_related("run__course__coursepage", "company")
         .filter(user=user)
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ def defer_enrollment(
     to_run = CourseRun.objects.get(courseware_id=to_courseware_id)
     if from_enrollment.run == to_run:
         raise ValidationError(
-            "Cannot defer to the same course run (run: {})".format(to_run.courseware_id)  # noqa: EM103, UP032
+            f"Cannot defer to the same course run (run: {to_run.courseware_id})"  # noqa: EM103, UP032
         )
     if not force and not to_run.is_not_beyond_enrollment:
         raise ValidationError(

courses/credentials.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def build_course_run_credential(certificate: CourseRunCertificate) -> dict:
 
 
 def build_digital_credential(
-    certificate: Union[ProgramCertificate, CourseRunCertificate],  # noqa: FA100
+    certificate: ProgramCertificate | CourseRunCertificate,  # noqa: FA100
     learner_did: LearnerDID,
 ) -> dict:
     """Function for building certificate digital credentials"""

courses/factories.py

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class ProgramRunFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
     """Factory for ProgramRuns"""
 
     program = factory.SubFactory(ProgramFactory)
-    run_tag = factory.Sequence("R{0}".format)
+    run_tag = factory.Sequence("R{}".format)
 
     class Meta:
         model = ProgramRun
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class CourseFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
     program = factory.SubFactory(ProgramFactory)
     position_in_program = None  # will get populated in save()
     title = fuzzy.FuzzyText(prefix="Course ")
-    readable_id = factory.Sequence("course-{0}".format)
+    readable_id = factory.Sequence("course-{}".format)
     platform = factory.SubFactory(PlatformFactory)
     live = True
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class CourseRunFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
     course = factory.SubFactory(CourseFactory)
     title = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda x: "CourseRun " + FAKE.sentence())  # noqa: ARG005
     courseware_id = factory.Sequence(lambda number: f"course:v{number}+{FAKE.slug()}")
-    run_tag = factory.Sequence("R{0}".format)
+    run_tag = factory.Sequence("R{}".format)
     courseware_url_path = factory.Faker("uri")
     start_date = factory.Faker(
         "date_time_this_month", before_now=True, after_now=False, tzinfo=timezone.utc

courses/management/commands/defer_enrollment.py

@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ def handle(self, *args, **options):  # noqa: ARG002
             if isinstance(exc, CourseRunEnrollment.DoesNotExist):
                 message = f"'from' course run enrollment does not exist ({from_courseware_id})"
             elif isinstance(exc, CourseRun.DoesNotExist):
-                message = "'to' course does not exist ({})".format(to_courseware_id)  # noqa: UP032
+                message = f"'to' course does not exist ({to_courseware_id})"  # noqa: UP032
             else:
                 message = str(exc)
             raise CommandError(message)  # noqa: B904, TRY200
         except ValidationError as exc:
-            raise CommandError("Invalid enrollment deferral - {}".format(exc))  # noqa: B904, EM103, TRY200, UP032
+            raise CommandError(f"Invalid enrollment deferral - {exc}")  # noqa: B904, EM103, TRY200, UP032
         else:
             if not to_enrollment:
                 raise CommandError(

courses/management/commands/revoke_certificate.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def handle(self, *args, **options):  # noqa: ARG002
 
         if updated:
             msg = "Certificate for {} has been {}".format(
-                "run: {}".format(run) if run else "program: {}".format(program),  # noqa: UP032
+                f"run: {run}" if run else f"program: {program}",  # noqa: UP032
                 "revoked" if revoke else "un-revoked",
             )
             self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS(msg))

courses/management/commands/sync_grades_and_certificates.py

@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ def handle(  # noqa: C901, PLR0915
             else:
                 grade_status = "already exists"
 
-            grade_summary = ["passed: {}".format(course_run_grade.passed)]  # noqa: UP032
+            grade_summary = [f"passed: {course_run_grade.passed}"]  # noqa: UP032
             if override_grade is not None:
                 grade_summary.append(
-                    "value override: {}".format(course_run_grade.grade)  # noqa: UP032
+                    f"value override: {course_run_grade.grade}"  # noqa: UP032
                 )
 
             if created_cert:

courses/management/utils.py

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def fetch_enrollment(user, command_options):
             enrollment = CourseRunEnrollment.all_objects.filter(**query_params).first()
 
         if not enrollment:
-            raise CommandError("Enrollment not found for: {}".format(enrolled_obj))  # noqa: EM103, UP032
+            raise CommandError(f"Enrollment not found for: {enrolled_obj}")  # noqa: EM103, UP032
         if not enrollment.active and not force:
             raise CommandError(
                 "The given enrollment is not active ({}).\n"  # noqa: EM103, UP032, RUF100

courses/models.py

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ def catalog_image_url(self):
 
 
 validate_url_path_field = RegexValidator(
-    r"^[{}]+$".format(detail_path_char_pattern),  # noqa: UP032
+    fr"^[{detail_path_char_pattern}]+$",  # noqa: UP032
     f"This field is used to produce URL paths. It must contain only characters that match this pattern: [{detail_path_char_pattern}]",
 )
 

courses/serializers.py

@@ -350,12 +350,12 @@ def get_instructors(self, instance):
 
     def get_topics(self, instance):
         """List all topics in all courses in the program"""
-        topics = set(  # noqa: C401
+        topics = {  # noqa: C401
             topic.name
             for course in instance.courses.all()
             if course.page
             for topic in course.page.topics.all()
-        )
+        }
         return [{"name": topic} for topic in sorted(topics)]
 
     def get_time_commitment(self, instance):

courses/views_test.py

@@ -283,11 +283,11 @@ def test_course_view(  # noqa: PLR0913
             class_name = "enrolled"
 
     assert (
-        f'<a class="enroll-button {class_name}" href="{url}">'.encode("utf-8")  # noqa: UP012
+        f'<a class="enroll-button {class_name}" href="{url}">'.encode()  # noqa: UP012
         in resp.content
     ) is has_button
     assert (
-        "Please Sign In to MITx PRO to enroll in a course".encode("utf-8")  # noqa: UP012
+        b"Please Sign In to MITx PRO to enroll in a course"  # noqa: UP012
         in resp.content
     ) is (is_anonymous and has_product and has_unexpired_run)
 
@@ -349,11 +349,11 @@ def test_program_view(  # noqa: PLR0913
             class_name = "enrolled"
 
     assert (
-        f'<a class="enroll-button {class_name}" href="{url}">'.encode("utf-8")  # noqa: UP012
+        f'<a class="enroll-button {class_name}" href="{url}">'.encode()  # noqa: UP012
         in resp.content
     ) is has_button
     assert (
-        "Please Sign In to MITx PRO to enroll in a course".encode("utf-8")  # noqa: UP012
+        b"Please Sign In to MITx PRO to enroll in a course"  # noqa: UP012
         in resp.content
     ) is (is_anonymous and has_product and has_unexpired_run)
 

courseware/api.py

@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ def get_edx_api_client(user, ttl_in_seconds=OPENEDX_AUTH_DEFAULT_TTL_IN_SECONDS)
         auth = get_valid_edx_api_auth(user, ttl_in_seconds=ttl_in_seconds)
     except OpenEdxApiAuth.DoesNotExist:
         raise NoEdxApiAuthError(  # noqa: B904, TRY200
-            "{} does not have an associated OpenEdxApiAuth".format(str(user))  # noqa: EM103, UP032
+            f"{str(user)} does not have an associated OpenEdxApiAuth"  # noqa: EM103, UP032
         )
     return EdxApi(
         {"access_token": auth.access_token},
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ def create_oauth_application():
         defaults=dict(  # noqa: C408
             redirect_uris=urljoin(
                 settings.OPENEDX_BASE_REDIRECT_URL,
-                "/auth/complete/{}/".format(settings.MITXPRO_OAUTH_PROVIDER),  # noqa: UP032
+                f"/auth/complete/{settings.MITXPRO_OAUTH_PROVIDER}/",  # noqa: UP032
             ),
             client_type="confidential",
             authorization_grant_type="authorization-code",

ecommerce/api.py

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 from base64 import b64encode
 from collections import defaultdict
 from datetime import timedelta
-from typing import Iterable, NamedTuple, Optional  # noqa: UP035
+from typing import NamedTuple, Optional  # noqa: UP035
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus, urljoin
 
 from django.conf import settings
@@ -791,11 +792,10 @@ def enroll_user_in_order_items(order):
     ):
         voucher_target = voucher.product.content_object
     voucher_enrollment = first_or_none(
-        (  # noqa: UP034
+          # noqa: UP034
             enrollment
             for enrollment in successful_run_enrollments
             if enrollment.run == voucher_target
-        )
     )
     if voucher_enrollment is not None:
         voucher.enrollment = voucher_enrollment
@@ -954,9 +954,9 @@ class ValidatedBasket(NamedTuple):
     basket: Basket
     basket_item: BasketItem
     product_version: ProductVersion
-    coupon_version: Optional[CouponVersion]  # noqa: FA100
-    run_selection_ids: Optional[Iterable[int]]  # noqa: FA100
-    data_consent_users: Optional[Iterable[DataConsentUser]]  # noqa: FA100
+    coupon_version: CouponVersion | None  # noqa: FA100
+    run_selection_ids: Iterable[int] | None  # noqa: FA100
+    data_consent_users: Iterable[DataConsentUser] | None  # noqa: FA100
 
 
 def _validate_basket_contents(basket):

ecommerce/mail_api_test.py

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def test_send_course_run_enrollment_welcome_email(settings, mocker, enabled):
     enrollment = CourseRunEnrollmentFactory.create()
 
     run_start_date = enrollment.run.start_date
-    run_start_time = run_start_date.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc).strftime(
+    run_start_time = run_start_date.astimezone(datetime.UTC).strftime(
         EMAIL_TIME_FORMAT
     )
     run_end_date = enrollment.run.end_date
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def test_send_ecommerce_order_receipt(mocker, receipt_data, settings):
     """send_ecommerce_order_receipt should send a receipt email"""
     settings.FEATURES["ENABLE_TAXES_DISPLAY"] = False
     patched_mail_api = mocker.patch("ecommerce.mail_api.api")
-    date = datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 1, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+    date = datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 1, 0, tzinfo=datetime.UTC)
     user = UserFactory.create(
         name="test",
         email="[email protected]",

ecommerce/management/commands/invalidate_payment_coupons.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def handle(self, *args, **kwargs):  # noqa: ARG002
             codes = Coupon.objects.filter(enabled=True, payment=payment).all()
         else:
             try:
-                with open(kwargs["codefile"], "r") as file:  # noqa: PTH123, UP015
+                with open(kwargs["codefile"]) as file:  # noqa: PTH123, UP015
                     procCodes = [line.strip() for line in file]
             except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
                 raise CommandError(  # noqa: B904, TRY200

ecommerce/utils.py

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ def format_run_date(run_date):
     if run_date:
         from ecommerce.mail_api import EMAIL_DATE_FORMAT
 
-        formatted_date_time = run_date.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc).strftime(
+        formatted_date_time = run_date.astimezone(datetime.UTC).strftime(
             f"{EMAIL_DATE_FORMAT}-{EMAIL_TIME_FORMAT}"
         )
         return tuple(formatted_date_time.split("-", 1))

localdev/seed/api.py

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def parse_datetime_from_string(dt_string):
         datetime.datetime: The parsed datetime
     """
     return datetime.datetime.strptime(dt_string, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S").astimezone(
-        datetime.timezone.utc
+        datetime.UTC
     )
 
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ def check_settings():
             missing.append(variable)
     if missing:
         raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-            "Missing required voucher settings: {}".format(missing)  # noqa: EM103, UP032
+            f"Missing required voucher settings: {missing}"  # noqa: EM103, UP032
         )
 
 

localdev/seed/management/commands/delete_seed_data.py

@@ -79,4 +79,4 @@ def handle(self, *args, **options):  # noqa: ARG002
         else:
             self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS("RESULTS"))
             for k, v in results.report.items():
-                self.stdout.write("{}: {}".format(k, v))  # noqa: UP032
+                self.stdout.write(f"{k}: {v}")  # noqa: UP032

localdev/seed/management/commands/seed_data.py

@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ def handle(self, *args, **options):  # noqa: ARG002
         else:
             self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS("RESULTS"))
             for k, v in results.report.items():
-                self.stdout.write("{}: {}".format(k, v))  # noqa: UP032
+                self.stdout.write(f"{k}: {v}")  # noqa: UP032

mitxpro/models.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 """
 
 import copy
-from typing import Iterable  # noqa: UP035
+from collections.abc import Iterable  # noqa: UP035
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError