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Add new lessons to the UCP Science course (#5383)
* import egg drop lesson text * images for egg drop overview * finish egg drop pages * fix the download hint heading * import spoon race text+ * add images and other edits * update summary * snippet errors * vids, fwd nav, attrib cleanups * Update setup-procedure.md fixed a small typo --------- Co-authored-by: Jacqueline Russell <[email protected]>
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ These lessons guide the student in hands-on, practical measurement activities al | |
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| ### ~hint | ||
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| **Download it** | ||
| #### Download it | ||
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| The entire course is also available as a download. Choose any of these formats: | ||
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@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ The lesson series includes: | |
| * [Body Electrical & Waves](/courses/ucp-science/body-electrical) | ||
| * [Electricity - Battery Tester](/courses/ucp-science/electricity) | ||
| * [Rocket Acceleration](/courses/ucp-science/rocket-acceleration) | ||
| * [Egg Drop Experiment](/courses/ucp-science/egg-drop) | ||
| * [Spoon Race](/courses/ucp-science/spoon-race) | ||
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| The [Science Experiments](https://sites.google.com/view/utahcodingproject/csta/microbit-science-experiments) lesson series is generously provided by the [Utah Coding Project](https://sites.google.com/view/utahcodingproject/home) and is developed by [Carl Lyman](mailto:[email protected]). | ||
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| # Egg Drop Experiment | ||
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| Learn how to modernize this age-old science experiment using the micro:bit to measure acceleration before breaking too many eggs! | ||
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| ## Lesson concept | ||
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| ### Use the micro:bit to measure force | ||
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| Watch this short video to see how to use a micro:bit to detect the force from a fall. | ||
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| https://youtu.be/tnDJFdC3Nd4 | ||
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| ## Contents | ||
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| * [Overview](/courses/ucp-science/egg-drop/overview) | ||
| * [Setup and procedure](/courses/ucp-science/egg-drop/setup-procedure) | ||
| * [Resources](/courses/ucp-science/egg-drop/resources) | ||
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| <br/> | ||
| Contributed by the [Utah Coding Project](https://sites.google.com/view/utahcodingproject) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) |
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| # Overview | ||
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| ## Science concept | ||
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| When an object is dropped from a height, it follows Newton's Laws of Motion and is pulled down by the earth’s gravitational force. When the egg hits the ground, it is a collision between the Earth and the Egg. | ||
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| Let’s review Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion as they relate to our Egg Drop experiment. | ||
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| **Newton’s 1st Law of Motion**: A body in motion remains in motion, or a body at rest remains at rest, unless acted upon by a force. This implies that once we drop the egg, if there was no ground to stop it, the egg would fall forever. | ||
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|  | ||
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| **Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion**: Force equals mass times acceleration: F = m * a. Using this equation, we can calculate the Earth’s gravitational force to be equal to the mass of the egg times acceleration of gravity, which is a constant of approximately 9.8 meters per second squared. | ||
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| **Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion**: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In this case, the egg will be exerting force downwards, so when it comes in contact with the ground, it will experience the ground exerting force upwards. The two objects (the egg and the earth) will collide and both will experience equal and opposite forces. However, since the earth is so much bigger than the egg, the force on the earth will be minimal, while the force on the egg will be very strong and may cause the shell of the egg to crack and break. | ||
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| ## Project Goal | ||
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| Give students real world experience with coding, collecting data, analyzing data, and reporting results using MakeCode’s block programming and a micro:bit with its sensors. | ||
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| ## Prior Knowledge | ||
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| Students need to have a basic knowledge of how to code using block style programming and download a program to a micro:bit using MakeCode. | ||
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| ## Student Outcomes | ||
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| The objective of the egg drop experiment is to keep the egg from breaking as it decelerates. It becomes clear from Newton's Laws of Motion that in order to minimize the force experienced by the egg at impact, students designing the egg carriers must increase the time over which the egg is brought to rest or decrease the egg's velocity at the time of the crash. | ||
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| Students will: | ||
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| * Understand the Laws of Motion and Gravitational Force. | ||
| * Design a carrier for their egg that will minimize the force exerted on the egg when colliding with the ground. | ||
| * Code the micro:bit to test the strength of the force. | ||
| * Iterate on their designs based on the results of the micro:bit data. | ||
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| ## Materials Needed | ||
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| * A micro:bit, micro-USB cable and battery pack | ||
| * A computer with internet access | ||
| * Crafting materials to use for the egg carrier – these may include cardboard cups/boxes, cotton, plastic bags or bottles, string, straws, popsicle sticks, tissue paper, bubble wrap, glue, tape | ||
| * An uncooked egg | ||
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| ## ~button /courses/ucp-science/egg-drop/setup-procedure | ||
| NEXT: Setup an Procedure | ||
| ## ~ |
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| # Resources | ||
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| ## CSTA Standards | ||
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| https://csteachers.org/k12standards | ||
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| ### Computing Systems | ||
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| * 02 - Design projects that combine hardware and software components to collect and exchange data. | ||
| * 03 - Systematically identify and fix problems with computing devices and their components. | ||
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| ### Data & Analysis | ||
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| * 07 - Represent data using multiple encoding schemes. | ||
| * 08 - Collect data using computational tools and transform the data to make it more useful and reliable. | ||
| * 09 - Refine computational models based on the data they have generated. | ||
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| ## Other Resources | ||
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| * Micro:bit Accelerometer Overview - https://youtu.be/UT35ODxvmS0 | ||
| * Behind the MakeCode Hardware: Accelerometer - https://youtu.be/byngcwjO51U | ||
| * Microbit.org Classroom Resources - https://microbit.org/teach/classroom-resources | ||
| * MakeCode Reference Documentation - https://makecode.microbit.org/reference | ||
| * Utah Coding Project - https://sites.google.com/view/utahcodingproject |
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| # Setup and procedure | ||
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| ## Setup | ||
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| * Review Newton’s Laws of Motion and make some predictions about what will happen if you drop objects with different mass and acceleration. | ||
| * Create hypotheses around what types of designs might minimize force of collision. | ||
| * Group students to begin work on egg carriers. | ||
| * Code the micro:bit and perform a series of tests dropping the micro:bit in the carriers from a height. | ||
| * Once the test results are successful, insert the egg into the carriers and drop from a height. | ||
| * Debrief on the results - which carriers were the most successful? Why? | ||
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| ## Code | ||
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| This project will use the micro:bit to test the force of collision. | ||
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| * From the ``||input:Input||`` Toolbox drawer, drag an ``||input:on shake||`` block to the workspace | ||
| * Use the drop-down menu to select 8g. This block will detect when a force 8g or greater is exerted on the micro:bit. | ||
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| ```blocks | ||
| input.onGesture(Gesture.EightG, function () { | ||
| }) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ### ~ hint | ||
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| #### Gravitational Force | ||
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| The g-force or gravitational force is a measure of gravitational force where an object at rest on the Earth's surface is subject to 1 g of force. So, 8g = 8 times the normal gravitational force exerted on an object. | ||
| ### ~ | ||
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| * From the ``||basic:Basic||`` Toolbox drawer, drag a ``||basic:show leds||`` block and drop it into the ``||input:on 8g||`` block. | ||
| * Draw an X or other symbol to indicate that the micro:bit has experienced 8g of force. | ||
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| ```blocks | ||
| input.onGesture(Gesture.EightG, function () { | ||
| basic.showLeds(` | ||
| # . . . # | ||
| . # . # . | ||
| . . # . . | ||
| . # . # . | ||
| # . . . # | ||
| `) | ||
| }) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Now let’s add some code to reset our experiment. | ||
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| * From the ``||input:Input||`` Toolbox drawer, drag an ``||input:on button pressed||`` block to the workspace. | ||
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| ```blocks | ||
| input.onButtonPressed(Button.A, function () { | ||
| }) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| * From the ``||basic:Basic||`` Toolbox drawer, drag a ``||basic:clear screen||`` block and drop it into the ``||input:on button pressed||`` block. | ||
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| ```blocks | ||
| input.onGesture(Gesture.EightG, function () { | ||
| basic.showLeds(` | ||
| # . . . # | ||
| . # . # . | ||
| . . # . . | ||
| . # . # . | ||
| # . . . # | ||
| `) | ||
| }) | ||
| input.onButtonPressed(Button.A, function () { | ||
| basic.clearScreen() | ||
| }) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Sample code file: https://makecode.microbit.org/_L96ELqWtrV65 | ||
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| Download the code onto the micro:bit, and then connect the micro:bit to a battery pack. | ||
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| ## Conducting the Experiment | ||
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| After coding the micro:bit and constructing the egg drop carriers, take turns testing dropping the micro:bit in the carriers from a height. Do the micro:bit lights turn on? If so, that means the force exerted on the micro:bit was at least 8g – a good indication that the egg most likely will break on impact. Continue refining the egg drop carriers until no micro:bit lights turn on when dropped. Then test with an egg! | ||
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| ## Debrief | ||
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| Discuss the results of the experiment: | ||
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| * Which egg carriers were successful? Which were not? | ||
| * Are there patterns you can identify between the carrier designs? | ||
| * Were the micro:bit test results a good indication of whether the egg would break or not? | ||
| * How might you find out exactly how much g-force would need to be exerted to break the egg? | ||
| * Thinking about Newton’s Laws of Motion, what principles can you deduce about how to minimize the force of impact? | ||
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| ## ~button /courses/ucp-science/egg-drop/resources | ||
| NEXT: Resources | ||
| ## ~ |
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