DM-48141: Add a simple way to represent a pandas index in astropy table parquet metadata.

[erykoff]

Checklist

• ran Jenkins
• added a release note for user-visible changes to doc/changes
• (if changing dimensions.yaml) make a copy of dimensions.yaml in configs/old_dimensions

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 98.00000% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 89.51%. Comparing base (41225eb) to head (e76b17b).
Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
python/lsst/daf/butler/formatters/parquet.py	96.55%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1136   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   89.50%   89.51%           
=======================================
  Files         366      366           
  Lines       48848    48894   +46     
  Branches     5907     5916    +9     
=======================================
+ Hits        43720    43766   +46     
  Misses       3719     3719           
  Partials     1409     1409           

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