Mongodb

What is Mongodb ?

Mongodb is an open source, document oriented NoSql database management system.

What is document database (document oriented) ?

A database that stores information in documents(JSON).

Why Mongodb ?

It is designed for flexibility, scalability, and performance in handling unstructured or semi structured data.

Comparing SQL and NoSql database

SQL	MongoDb
SQL database are relational databases.	No SQL database are relational databases.
They use structured tables to store data in rowa and columns.	They provide flexibility in data storage, allowing varied data types and structure.
Suitable for applications with well defined schemas and fixed data structures.	Ideal for application with dynamic or evolving data models.
Examples : MySql,PostgreSQL,Oracle.	Examples: MongoDb,Cassandra,redis

Key features

• Flexible Schema Design

  • MongoDB allows dynamic,schema-less data structures.
  • Easily accommodate changing data requirements.

• Scalability and Performance

  • Horizontal scaling supports large datasets and high traffic.
  • Optimized read and write operations for fast performance.

• DocumentOriented Storage

  • Data is stored in flexible, JSONlike BSON documents.
  • Self-contained units with rich data types and nested arrays.

• Dynamic Queries

  • Rich query language with support for complex queries.
  • Utilize indexes to speed up query execution.

• Aggregation Framework

  • Perform advanced data transformations and analysis.
  • Process data using multiple pipeline stages.

• Open Source and Community

  • MongoDB is open-source with a vibrant community.
  • Regular updates,improvements,and support.

JSON Vs BSON

• In MongoDB, we write in JSON format only but behind the scene data is stored in BSON (Binary JSON) format, a binary representation of JSON.
• By utilizing BSON, MongoDB can achieve higher read and write speeds, reduced storage requirements, and improved data manipulation capabilities, making it well-suited for handling large and complex datasets while maintaining performance efficiency

JSON format :

    {
        "name": "Thapa",
        "age": 29,
        "isStudent": false,
        "scores": [92, 108],
        "address": {
            "city": "Pokhara"
        }
    }

BSON format :

\x1e\x00\x00\x00
\x02
name\x00
\x04\x00\x00\x00Thapa\x00
\x10
age\x00
\x1e\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00
\x08
isStudent\x00
\x00
\x04
scores\x00
\x05\x00\x00\x00\x03\x00\x00\x00
\x10
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00
\x10
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00
\x10
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00