Compacting, Picking and Growing (CPG)

This is an official Pytorch implementation of CPG - a lifelong learning algorithm for object classification. For details about CPG please refer to the paper Compacting, Picking and Growing for Unforgetting Continual Learning (Slides,Poster)

The code is released for academic research use only. For commercial use, please contact Prof. Chu-Song Chen([email protected]).

Benchmarks

Citing Paper

Please cite following paper if these codes help your research:

@inproceedings{hung2019compacting,
title={Compacting, Picking and Growing for Unforgetting Continual Learning},
author={Hung, Ching-Yi and Tu, Cheng-Hao and Wu, Cheng-En and Chen, Chien-Hung and Chan, Yi-Ming and Chen, Chu-Song},
booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
pages={13647--13657},
year={2019}
}

---

Dependencies

Python>=3.6
PyTorch>=1.0
tqdm

---

Experiment1 (Compact 20 tasks into VGG16 network)

Step 1. Download CIFAR100 and form the 20 tasks based on their super classes with the cifar2png tool. Or you can just download the converted version of our CIFAR100 from here. Unzip the compressed file and place cifar100_org/ in data/.

Step 2. Use the following command to train individual models for each of the 20 tasks so that we can obtain their accuracy goals.

$ bash experiement1/baseline_cifar100.sh 

If you would like to use higher accuracy goals, execute experiment1/finetune_cifar100.sh instead. The script randomly selects a model trained on previous tasks and finetunes it to the current one. After this step, we obtain logs/baseline_cifar100_acc.txt that contains accuracy goals for 20 tasks.

Step 3. Run CPG to learn 20 tasks sequentially.

$ bash experiment1/CPG_cifar100_scratch_mul_1.5.sh

If you use another accuracy goals, please modify the baseline_cifar100_acc variable in experiment1/CPG_cifar100_scratch_mul_1.5.sh to the path containing your accuracy goals.

Step 4. Inference the learned 20 tasks.

$ bash experiment1/inference_CPG_cifar100.sh

CPG-VGG16 Checkpoints on CIFAR-100 Twenty Tasks.

Extract the downloaded .zip file and place all_max_mul_1.5/ in checkpoints/CPG/experiment1/. Modify the SETTING variable in experiment1/inference_CPG_cifar100.sh to all_max_mul_1.5 before inference.

Task	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
Acc.	66.6	77.2	78.6	83.2	88.2	85.8	82.4	85.4	87.6	90.8	91.0	84.6	89.2	83.0	56.2	75.4	71.0	73.8	90.6	93.6

---

Experiment2 (Compact 6 fine-grained image tasks into ResNet50 network)

Step 1. We provide the datasets of 5 tasks, including cubs_cropped, stanford_cars_cropped, flowers, wikiart and sketches (without imagenet), and they can be downloaded here. After downloading, place the extracted directories in data/. If you would like to construct datasets yourself, please refer to piggyback.

Step 2. Similar to Experiment1, we need to construct the accuracy goals for the 6 tasks. With the following command, we finetune the model pretrained on ImageNet to the other 5 tasks and produce accuracy goals stored in logs/baseline_imagenet_acc_resnet50.txt.

$ bash experiment2/baseline_imagenet.sh

Or we can simply use the results of individual ResNet50 networks reported in the piggyback paper as follows.

{"imagenet": "0.7616", "cubs_cropped": "0.8283", "stanford_cars_cropped": "0.9183", "flowers": "0.9656", "wikiart": "0.7560", "sketches": "0.8078"}

Step 3. Run CPG and choose the desired pruning ratio for each of the 6 tasks.

$ bash experiment2/CPG_imagenet.sh 

We use the above command to run CPG for the task specified by the TARGET_TASK_ID varaiable in experiment2/CPG_imagenet.sh.

For example, start from imagenet (specified by TARGET_TASK_ID=1), we run the above command and then select the gradually pruned model to proceed to learn the next task.

More specifically, we check the record.txt in the checkpoint path, like checkpoints/CPG/experiment2/resnet50/imagenet/gradual_prune/record.txt, and find that there are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, ... , 0.95 pruning ratios with their corresponding accuracies. We select the appropriate pruning ratio whose accuracy is higher than (or at least close to) the imagenet's accuracy goal. Supposed that 0.4 is the best pruning ratio, we copy the corresponding checkpoint to gradual_prune/ as below.

In checkpoint/CPG/resnet50/imagenet/gradual_prune/

$ cp 0.4/checkpoint-46.pth.tar ./checkpoint-46.pth.tar

At last, we modify TARGET_TASK_ID to 2 and execute experiment2/CPG_imagenet.sh again so that CPG proceeds to learn the next task.

We repeat Step 3. to sequentially learn the 6 tasks.

Step 4. Inference the learned 6 tasks.

$ bash experiment2/inference_CPG_imagenet.sh

CPG-ResNet50 Checkpoints on Fine-grained Dataset.

Extract the downloaded .zip file and place resnet50/ in checkpoints/CPG/experiment2/.

Task	ImageNet	CUBS	Stanford Cars	Flowers	Wikiart	Sketch
Acc.	75.81	83.57	92.81	96.55	76.98	80.33

---

Experiment3 (Compact 4 facial-informatic tasks into CNN20 network)

Step 1. We provide the datasets of 3 tasks, including emotion, gender and age (without face_verification). For the age task, we adopt the 5-fold scenario and thus have age0, age1, ... , age4 which correspond to the five splits. All face images are aligned using MTCNN with output size of 112 x 112. The converted datasets can be downloaded here.

Step 2. Similarly, we need accuracy goals of the 4 tasks for CPG. We train CNN20 on VGGFace2 for the face verification task and finetune it to emotion, gender and age tasks. This link provides our face verification CNN20 pretrained weights (named face_weight.pth), and the following command finetunes the model to other 3 tasks. To evaluate the face verification task, we also need lfw_pairs.txt which can be downloaded here. Download face_weight.pth and lfw_pairs.txt use the links and place them in face_data/.

$ bash experiment3/baseline_face.sh 

The finetuning results are used as accuracy goals and stored in logs/baseline_face_acc.txt. You can also simply use the results as follows which corresponds to the finetuning results reported in our paper.

{"face_verification": "0.9942", "gender": "0.9080", "emotion": "0.6254", "chalearn_gender": "0.9128", "age0": "0.6531", "age1": "0.5381", "age2": "0.5847", "age3": "0.5151", "age4": "0.5727"}

Step 3. Similar to Experiment2, we add tasks sequentially by iteratively running the following command and copy the pruned models with appropriate pruning ratios.

$ bash experiment3/FvGeEm_CPG_face.sh 

Note that this script is only for learning the first 3 tasks, face verification, gender and emotion, by modifiying the TARGET_TASK_ID variable in it. Because we have 5 folds for the age task, use experiment3/FvGeEmAg0_CPG_face.sh for age0, experiment3/FvGeEmAg1_CPG_face.sh for age1, and so on.

We repeat Step 3. until all 4 tasks, including 5 folds of the age task, are sequentially learned.

Step 4. Inference the learned 4 tasks.

$ bash experiment3/inference_FvGeEmAg.sh ${GPU_ID} ${TARGET_SPARSITY} ${AGEFOLD} ${LOG_PATH}

The inference script takes 4 arguments listed as follows:

• GPU_ID: Index of GPU used to run the inference
• TARGET_SPARSITY: The target pruning ratio of the age task model to inference (like 0,1, 0.2, ..., 0.9, 0.95)
• AGEFOLD: The target fold of the 5 age folds to inference (like age0, age1, ..., age4)
• LOG_PATH: The target path to output inference log

For an example of using this script, please see experiment3/inference_checkpoints_FvGeEmAg.sh.

CPG-CNN20 Checkpoints on Facial-informatic Dataset.

Extract the downloaded .zip file, place spherenet20/ in checkpoints/CPG/experiment3/ and use the following command for inference with the checkpoints.

$ bash experiment3/inference_checkpoints_FvGeEmAg.sh 

Task	Face verification	Gender	Expression	Mean of 5-fold Age
Acc.	99.300 +- 0.348	89.66	63.57	57.66

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Benchmarking

Cifar100 20 Tasks (datsets as experiment1 above) - VGG16

Methods	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	Avg.
PackNet	66.4	80.0	76.2	78.4	80.0	79.8	67.8	61.4	68.8	77.2	79.0	59.4	66.4	57.2	36.0	54.2	51.6	58.8	67.8	83.2	67.5
*PAE	67.2	77.0	78.6	76.0	84.4	81.2	77.6	80.0	80.4	87.8	85.4	77.8	79.4	79.6	51.2	68.4	68.6	68.6	83.2	88.8	77.1
CPG	65.2	76.6	79.8	81.4	86.6	84.8	83.4	85.0	84.2	89.2	90.8	82.4	85.6	85.2	53.2	84.4	70.0	73.4	88.8	94.8	80.9

*PAE is our previous work.

Fine-grained 6 Tasks (datsets as experiment2 above) - ResNet50

Methods	ImageNet	CUBS	Stanford Cars	Flowers	Wikiart	Sketch	Model Size (MB)
Train from Scratch	76.16	40.96	61.56	59.73	56.50	75.40	554
Finetune	-	82.83	91.83	96.56	75.60	80.78	551
ProgressiveNet	76.16	78.94	89.21	93.41	74.94	76.35	563
PackNet	75.71	80.41	86.11	93.04	69.40	76.17	115
Piggyback	76.16	84.59	89.62	94.77	71.33	79.91	121
CPG	75.81	83.59	92.80	96.62	77.15	80.33	121

Facial-informatic 4 Tasks (datasets as experiment3 above) - CNN20

Methods	Face	Gender	Expression	Age
Train from Scratch	99.417+-0.367	83.70	57.64	46.14
Finetune	-	90.80	62.54	57.27
CPG	99.300+-0.348	89.66	63.57	57.66

Contact

Please feel free to leave suggestions or comments to Steven C. Y. Hung([email protected]), Cheng-Hao Tu([email protected]), Cheng-En Wu([email protected]), Chein-Hung Chen([email protected]), Yi-Ming Chan([email protected]), Chu-Song Chen([email protected])