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Cilium tests

Each test (RPS and Throughtput) has been executed three times and here you can find the best results.

You can find the deployed yamls for the Workloads (iperf3 and echoserver) and the CiliumNetworkPolicies.

Test architecture:

Test-Architecture

Test 1

value.yaml:

bgp:
  enabled: true
  announce:
    loadbalancerIP: true
bandwidthManager:
  enabled: true
ipam:
  mode: kubernetes
loadBalancer:
  algorithm: maglev
  serviceTopology: true
bpf:
  masquerade: true

RPS

Benchmark-01:

Summary:
  Total:        600.7303 secs
  Slowest:      2.0631 secs
  Fastest:      0.0005 secs
  Average:      0.5998 secs
  Requests/sec: 60928.7572


Response time histogram:
  0.001 [1]     |
  0.207 [997905]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.413 [779]   |
  0.619 [7]     |
  0.826 [7]     |
  1.032 [547]   |
  1.238 [726]   |
  1.444 [8]     |
  1.651 [10]    |
  1.857 [0]     |
  2.063 [10]    |


Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0179 secs
  25% in 0.0221 secs
  50% in 0.0267 secs
  75% in 0.0318 secs
  90% in 0.0376 secs
  95% in 0.0416 secs
  99% in 0.0511 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.2403 secs, 0.0005 secs, 2.0631 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0653 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0296 secs
  resp wait:    0.2280 secs, 0.0002 secs, 1.4894 secs
  resp read:    0.0661 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0273 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses

Benchmark-02:

Summary:
  Total:        619.9437 secs
  Slowest:      15.3689 secs
  Fastest:      0.0005 secs
  Average:      0.2013 secs
  Requests/sec: 3159.7803


Response time histogram:
  0.000 [1]     |
  1.537 [999296]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  3.074 [498]   |
  4.611 [4]     |
  6.148 [43]    |
  7.685 [96]    |
  9.222 [0]     |
  10.758 [0]    |
  12.295 [0]    |
  13.832 [0]    |
  15.369 [62]   |


Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0103 secs
  25% in 0.0297 secs
  50% in 0.0418 secs
  75% in 0.0505 secs
  90% in 0.0580 secs
  95% in 0.0625 secs
  99% in 0.0734 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.1611 secs, 0.0005 secs, 15.3689 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0050 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0550 secs
  resp wait:    0.0300 secs, 0.0002 secs, 0.8130 secs
  resp read:    0.0052 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0537 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses

Error distribution:
  [18398]       Get "http://[ECHOSERVER_LB_SERVICE_IP]/": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
  [1962]        Get "http://[ECHOSERVER_LB_SERVICE_IP]/": dial tcp [ECHOSERVER_LB_SERVICE_IP]:80: i/o timeout (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)

iperf3

Benchmark-01:

# iperf3 -c [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP] -t 600 -i 30
Connecting to host [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP], port 5201
[  5] local 46.4.189.34 port 34608 connected to [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-30.00  sec  21.0 GBytes  6.01 Gbits/sec  1411   1.18 MBytes       
[  5]  30.00-60.00  sec  23.4 GBytes  6.71 Gbits/sec  1980    957 KBytes       
[  5]  60.00-90.00  sec  23.2 GBytes  6.65 Gbits/sec  1666   1.01 MBytes       
[  5]  90.00-120.00 sec  23.3 GBytes  6.67 Gbits/sec  1229   1.02 MBytes       
[  5] 120.00-150.00 sec  23.2 GBytes  6.66 Gbits/sec  1811   1.11 MBytes       
[  5] 150.00-180.00 sec  23.0 GBytes  6.59 Gbits/sec  1228    931 KBytes       
[  5] 180.00-210.00 sec  23.3 GBytes  6.67 Gbits/sec  1188   1.10 MBytes       
[  5] 210.00-240.00 sec  23.4 GBytes  6.71 Gbits/sec  1562   1.30 MBytes       
[  5] 240.00-270.00 sec  23.8 GBytes  6.82 Gbits/sec  1301   1.09 MBytes       
[  5] 270.00-300.00 sec  23.6 GBytes  6.77 Gbits/sec  1774   1.16 MBytes       
[  5] 300.00-330.00 sec  23.6 GBytes  6.75 Gbits/sec  2017   1.13 MBytes       
[  5] 330.00-360.00 sec  23.6 GBytes  6.77 Gbits/sec  1919   1.29 MBytes       
[  5] 360.00-390.00 sec  23.6 GBytes  6.77 Gbits/sec  1648   1.19 MBytes       
[  5] 390.00-420.00 sec  23.6 GBytes  6.77 Gbits/sec  1652    961 KBytes       
[  5] 420.00-450.00 sec  23.6 GBytes  6.76 Gbits/sec  1653   1024 KBytes       
[  5] 450.00-480.00 sec  23.6 GBytes  6.74 Gbits/sec  1477   1.08 MBytes       
[  5] 480.00-510.00 sec  23.5 GBytes  6.74 Gbits/sec  1546   1.04 MBytes       
[  5] 510.00-540.00 sec  23.8 GBytes  6.81 Gbits/sec  1680   1.13 MBytes       
[  5] 540.00-570.00 sec  23.7 GBytes  6.78 Gbits/sec  1531   1016 KBytes       
[  5] 570.00-600.00 sec  23.6 GBytes  6.77 Gbits/sec  1489   1.19 MBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-600.00 sec   468 GBytes  6.70 Gbits/sec  31762             sender
[  5]   0.00-600.04 sec   468 GBytes  6.70 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Benchmark-02:

# iperf3 -c [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP] -t 600 -i 30
Connecting to host [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP], port 5201
[  5] local 46.4.189.35 port 54188 connected to [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-30.00  sec  20.6 GBytes  5.90 Gbits/sec  3130   1.52 MBytes       
[  5]  30.00-60.00  sec  21.0 GBytes  6.02 Gbits/sec  3252   1.16 MBytes       
[  5]  60.00-90.00  sec  20.7 GBytes  5.93 Gbits/sec  2670   1.22 MBytes       
[  5]  90.00-120.00 sec  20.5 GBytes  5.88 Gbits/sec  3018   1.18 MBytes       
[  5] 120.00-150.00 sec  22.3 GBytes  6.40 Gbits/sec  3429   1.08 MBytes       
[  5] 150.00-180.00 sec  22.3 GBytes  6.38 Gbits/sec  3115   1.10 MBytes       
[  5] 180.00-210.00 sec  21.6 GBytes  6.20 Gbits/sec  2754   1001 KBytes       
[  5] 210.00-240.00 sec  22.3 GBytes  6.39 Gbits/sec  3447   1.15 MBytes       
[  5] 240.00-270.00 sec  22.7 GBytes  6.51 Gbits/sec  3980   1.08 MBytes       
[  5] 270.00-300.00 sec  21.6 GBytes  6.19 Gbits/sec  3076   1.06 MBytes       
[  5] 300.00-330.00 sec  22.3 GBytes  6.38 Gbits/sec  2883   1.36 MBytes       
[  5] 330.00-360.00 sec  21.5 GBytes  6.16 Gbits/sec  2399   1.13 MBytes       
[  5] 360.00-390.00 sec  21.4 GBytes  6.12 Gbits/sec  2840   1.19 MBytes       
[  5] 390.00-420.00 sec  22.6 GBytes  6.48 Gbits/sec  2828   1.61 MBytes       
[  5] 420.00-450.00 sec  22.1 GBytes  6.34 Gbits/sec  2864   1.16 MBytes       
[  5] 450.00-480.00 sec  22.7 GBytes  6.49 Gbits/sec  3639    855 KBytes       
[  5] 480.00-510.00 sec  22.2 GBytes  6.36 Gbits/sec  2959   1.29 MBytes       
[  5] 510.00-540.00 sec  21.8 GBytes  6.23 Gbits/sec  3788   1005 KBytes       
[  5] 540.00-570.00 sec  21.4 GBytes  6.12 Gbits/sec  2884    983 KBytes       
[  5] 570.00-600.00 sec  21.3 GBytes  6.10 Gbits/sec  2766   1.37 MBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-600.00 sec   435 GBytes  6.23 Gbits/sec  61721             sender
[  5]   0.00-600.04 sec   435 GBytes  6.23 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Test 2

value.yaml:

bgp:
  enabled: true
  announce:
    loadbalancerIP: true
bandwidthManager:
  enabled: true
ipam:
  mode: kubernetes
k8sServiceHost: [K8S_CONTROL_PLANE_IP]
k8sServicePort: 6443
kubeProxyReplacement: strict
loadBalancer:
  algorithm: maglev
  serviceTopology: true
bpf:
  masquerade: true

RPS

Senchmark-01:

Summary:
  Total:        600.0094 secs
  Slowest:      3.5711 secs
  Fastest:      0.0005 secs
  Average:      0.5999 secs
  Requests/sec: 23099.4492


Response time histogram:
  0.000 [1]     |
  0.358 [998996]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.715 [19]    |
  1.072 [846]   |
  1.429 [134]   |
  1.786 [2]     |
  2.143 [0]     |
  2.500 [0]     |
  2.857 [0]     |
  3.214 [0]     |
  3.571 [2]     |


Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0252 secs
  25% in 0.0332 secs
  50% in 0.0420 secs
  75% in 0.0515 secs
  90% in 0.0612 secs
  95% in 0.0678 secs
  99% in 0.0820 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.2565 secs, 0.0005 secs, 3.5711 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0488 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0502 secs
  resp wait:    0.2429 secs, 0.0002 secs, 2.5322 secs
  resp read:    0.0516 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0435 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses

Benchmark-02:

Summary:
  Total:        600.0279 secs
  Slowest:      3.0879 secs
  Fastest:      0.0005 secs
  Average:      0.5998 secs
  Requests/sec: 54268.4503


Response time histogram:
  0.000 [1]     |
  0.309 [998747]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.618 [119]   |
  0.927 [0]     |
  1.235 [1095]  |
  1.544 [10]    |
  1.853 [2]     |
  2.162 [9]     |
  2.470 [0]     |
  2.779 [0]     |
  3.088 [17]    |


Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0037 secs
  25% in 0.0086 secs
  50% in 0.0133 secs
  75% in 0.0247 secs
  90% in 0.0344 secs
  95% in 0.0403 secs
  99% in 0.0522 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.2458 secs, 0.0005 secs, 3.0879 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0614 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0172 secs
  resp wait:    0.2304 secs, 0.0002 secs, 1.5401 secs
  resp read:    0.0621 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0146 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses

iperf3

Benchmark-01:

Connecting to host [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP], port 5201
[  5] local 46.4.189.34 port 42000 connected to [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-30.00  sec  22.0 GBytes  6.29 Gbits/sec  1049   1.31 MBytes       
[  5]  30.00-60.00  sec  24.1 GBytes  6.90 Gbits/sec  1041   1.21 MBytes       
[  5]  60.00-90.00  sec  24.4 GBytes  6.99 Gbits/sec  1190   1.20 MBytes       
[  5]  90.00-120.00 sec  24.8 GBytes  7.11 Gbits/sec  1455   1.07 MBytes       
[  5] 120.00-150.00 sec  24.7 GBytes  7.08 Gbits/sec  957   1.06 MBytes       
[  5] 150.00-180.00 sec  24.3 GBytes  6.94 Gbits/sec  1318   1.21 MBytes       
[  5] 180.00-210.00 sec  24.4 GBytes  6.99 Gbits/sec  848   1.01 MBytes       
[  5] 210.00-240.00 sec  24.7 GBytes  7.07 Gbits/sec  932    927 KBytes       
[  5] 240.00-270.00 sec  24.6 GBytes  7.06 Gbits/sec  1101   1.01 MBytes       
[  5] 270.00-300.00 sec  24.2 GBytes  6.92 Gbits/sec  1789   1.21 MBytes       
[  5] 300.00-330.00 sec  24.6 GBytes  7.05 Gbits/sec  1125   1.29 MBytes       
[  5] 330.00-360.00 sec  24.7 GBytes  7.07 Gbits/sec  1186   1.03 MBytes       
[  5] 360.00-390.00 sec  24.4 GBytes  6.99 Gbits/sec  1144   1.17 MBytes       
[  5] 390.00-420.00 sec  24.6 GBytes  7.04 Gbits/sec  1212    962 KBytes       
[  5] 420.00-450.00 sec  24.4 GBytes  7.00 Gbits/sec  1252   1.19 MBytes       
[  5] 450.00-480.00 sec  24.7 GBytes  7.07 Gbits/sec  1120   1.01 MBytes       
[  5] 480.00-510.00 sec  24.6 GBytes  7.04 Gbits/sec  1300   1017 KBytes       
[  5] 510.00-540.00 sec  24.5 GBytes  7.02 Gbits/sec  1333   1.13 MBytes       
[  5] 540.00-570.00 sec  24.4 GBytes  6.99 Gbits/sec  1382   1.26 MBytes       
[  5] 570.00-600.00 sec  24.6 GBytes  7.05 Gbits/sec  1691   1.19 MBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-600.00 sec   488 GBytes  6.98 Gbits/sec  24425             sender
[  5]   0.00-600.04 sec   488 GBytes  6.98 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Benchmark-02:

Connecting to host [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP], port 5201
[  5] local 46.4.189.35 port 48334 connected to [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-30.00  sec  23.3 GBytes  6.66 Gbits/sec  1600   1.25 MBytes       
[  5]  30.00-60.00  sec  23.2 GBytes  6.63 Gbits/sec  1111   1.07 MBytes       
[  5]  60.00-90.00  sec  21.6 GBytes  6.20 Gbits/sec  1021   1.11 MBytes       
[  5]  90.00-120.00 sec  22.3 GBytes  6.39 Gbits/sec  959   1.32 MBytes       
[  5] 120.00-150.00 sec  21.3 GBytes  6.10 Gbits/sec  1857   1016 KBytes       
[  5] 150.00-180.00 sec  19.9 GBytes  5.69 Gbits/sec  1366   1.20 MBytes       
[  5] 180.00-210.00 sec  22.1 GBytes  6.31 Gbits/sec  1425   1.37 MBytes       
[  5] 210.00-240.00 sec  22.5 GBytes  6.45 Gbits/sec  1474   1.35 MBytes       
[  5] 240.00-270.00 sec  21.1 GBytes  6.04 Gbits/sec  1508   1.48 MBytes       
[  5] 270.00-300.00 sec  19.9 GBytes  5.71 Gbits/sec  2027   1.53 MBytes       
[  5] 300.00-330.00 sec  21.3 GBytes  6.10 Gbits/sec  1084   1.18 MBytes       
[  5] 330.00-360.00 sec  20.9 GBytes  5.99 Gbits/sec  1777   1.19 MBytes       
[  5] 360.00-390.00 sec  24.6 GBytes  7.04 Gbits/sec  1502   1.57 MBytes       
[  5] 390.00-420.00 sec  22.3 GBytes  6.38 Gbits/sec  2337   1.57 MBytes       
[  5] 420.00-450.00 sec  20.0 GBytes  5.71 Gbits/sec  2449   1.35 MBytes       
[  5] 450.00-480.00 sec  21.4 GBytes  6.13 Gbits/sec  1524   1.51 MBytes       
[  5] 480.00-510.00 sec  20.1 GBytes  5.76 Gbits/sec  1247   1.30 MBytes       
[  5] 510.00-540.00 sec  23.3 GBytes  6.68 Gbits/sec  1623   1.33 MBytes       
[  5] 540.00-570.00 sec  20.9 GBytes  6.00 Gbits/sec  1385   1.23 MBytes       
[  5] 570.00-600.00 sec  20.8 GBytes  5.95 Gbits/sec  1887   1.35 MBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-600.00 sec   433 GBytes  6.20 Gbits/sec  31163             sender
[  5]   0.00-600.04 sec   433 GBytes  6.20 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Test 3

value.yaml:

bgp:
  enabled: true
  announce:
    loadbalancerIP: true
bandwidthManager:
  enabled: true
ipam:
  mode: kubernetes
k8sServiceHost: [K8S_CONTROL_PLANE_IP]
k8sServicePort: 6443
kubeProxyReplacement: strict
loadBalancer:
  algorithm: maglev
  serviceTopology: true
tunnel: disabled
ipv4NativeRoutingCIDR: "10.9.0.0/17"
autoDirectNodeRoutes: true
bpf:
  masquerade: true

RPS

Benchmark-01:

Summary:
  Total:        600.0067 secs
  Slowest:      0.0715 secs
  Fastest:      0.0039 secs
  Average:      0.5998 secs
  Requests/sec: 38207.7908


Response time histogram:
  0.004 [1]     |
  0.011 [6546]  |■
  0.017 [40498] |■■■■
  0.024 [355930]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.031 [400725]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.038 [153925]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.044 [36093] |■■■■
  0.051 [5125]  |■
  0.058 [832]   |
  0.065 [271]   |
  0.072 [54]    |


Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0193 secs
  25% in 0.0219 secs
  50% in 0.0256 secs
  75% in 0.0298 secs
  90% in 0.0340 secs
  95% in 0.0370 secs
  99% in 0.0428 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.2389 secs, 0.0039 secs, 0.0715 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0507 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0242 secs
  resp wait:    0.2583 secs, 0.0002 secs, 0.0430 secs
  resp read:    0.0519 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0197 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses

Benchmark-02:

Summary:
  Total:        600.0106 secs
  Slowest:      0.0862 secs
  Fastest:      0.0039 secs
  Average:      0.5998 secs
  Requests/sec: 47464.5779


Response time histogram:
  0.004 [1]     |
  0.012 [50497] |■■■■
  0.020 [532654]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.029 [380138]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.037 [32132] |■■
  0.045 [3109]  |
  0.053 [794]   |
  0.062 [178]   |
  0.070 [336]   |
  0.078 [160]   |
  0.086 [1]     |


Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0136 secs
  25% in 0.0164 secs
  50% in 0.0195 secs
  75% in 0.0224 secs
  90% in 0.0255 secs
  95% in 0.0277 secs
  99% in 0.0328 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.2285 secs, 0.0039 secs, 0.0862 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0610 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0214 secs
  resp wait:    0.2471 secs, 0.0002 secs, 0.0437 secs
  resp read:    0.0630 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0204 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses

iperf3

Benchmark-01:

Connecting to host [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP], port 5201
[  5] local 46.4.189.34 port 42198 connected to [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-30.00  sec  32.2 GBytes  9.22 Gbits/sec  4415   2.14 MBytes       
[  5]  30.00-60.00  sec  32.7 GBytes  9.37 Gbits/sec  2805   2.27 MBytes       
[  5]  60.00-90.00  sec  32.7 GBytes  9.36 Gbits/sec  1738   2.72 MBytes       
[  5]  90.00-120.00 sec  32.7 GBytes  9.37 Gbits/sec  4010   1.80 MBytes       
[  5] 120.00-150.00 sec  32.2 GBytes  9.23 Gbits/sec  4477   2.92 MBytes       
[  5] 150.00-180.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.38 Gbits/sec  4249   2.12 MBytes       
[  5] 180.00-210.00 sec  32.4 GBytes  9.29 Gbits/sec  2419   2.29 MBytes       
[  5] 210.00-240.00 sec  32.3 GBytes  9.25 Gbits/sec  5112   1.84 MBytes       
[  5] 240.00-270.00 sec  32.4 GBytes  9.28 Gbits/sec  3166   1.95 MBytes       
[  5] 270.00-300.00 sec  32.2 GBytes  9.22 Gbits/sec  1644   2.39 MBytes       
[  5] 300.00-330.00 sec  32.7 GBytes  9.38 Gbits/sec  731   2.94 MBytes       
[  5] 330.00-360.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.38 Gbits/sec  1980   1.48 MBytes       
[  5] 360.00-390.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.38 Gbits/sec  3033   2.91 MBytes       
[  5] 390.00-420.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.38 Gbits/sec  2162   3.00 MBytes       
[  5] 420.00-450.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.39 Gbits/sec  1511   2.96 MBytes       
[  5] 450.00-480.00 sec  32.7 GBytes  9.36 Gbits/sec  4280   1.97 MBytes       
[  5] 480.00-510.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.39 Gbits/sec  1345   2.30 MBytes       
[  5] 510.00-540.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.38 Gbits/sec  1530   2.87 MBytes       
[  5] 540.00-570.00 sec  32.7 GBytes  9.37 Gbits/sec  1558   3.01 MBytes       
[  5] 570.00-600.00 sec  32.6 GBytes  9.33 Gbits/sec  2444   1.43 MBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-600.00 sec   652 GBytes  9.33 Gbits/sec  54609             sender
[  5]   0.00-600.04 sec   652 GBytes  9.33 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Benchmark-02:

Connecting to host [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP], port 5201
[  5] local 46.4.189.35 port 9356 connected to [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-30.00  sec  26.5 GBytes  7.58 Gbits/sec  134248    450 KBytes       
[  5]  30.00-60.00  sec  26.5 GBytes  7.59 Gbits/sec  135062    199 KBytes       
[  5]  60.00-90.00  sec  26.3 GBytes  7.54 Gbits/sec  128940    809 KBytes       
[  5]  90.00-120.00 sec  26.5 GBytes  7.59 Gbits/sec  127963    423 KBytes       
[  5] 120.00-150.00 sec  26.5 GBytes  7.58 Gbits/sec  137121    516 KBytes       
[  5] 150.00-180.00 sec  26.4 GBytes  7.57 Gbits/sec  130122    436 KBytes       
[  5] 180.00-210.00 sec  26.3 GBytes  7.53 Gbits/sec  129950    913 KBytes       
[  5] 210.00-240.00 sec  26.5 GBytes  7.60 Gbits/sec  136690    672 KBytes       
[  5] 240.00-270.00 sec  26.4 GBytes  7.56 Gbits/sec  128979    643 KBytes       
[  5] 270.00-300.00 sec  26.5 GBytes  7.58 Gbits/sec  129861    677 KBytes       
[  5] 300.00-330.00 sec  26.4 GBytes  7.57 Gbits/sec  131129    667 KBytes       
[  5] 330.00-360.00 sec  26.3 GBytes  7.54 Gbits/sec  139599    573 KBytes       
[  5] 360.00-390.00 sec  26.1 GBytes  7.47 Gbits/sec  135191    526 KBytes       
[  5] 390.00-420.00 sec  26.5 GBytes  7.57 Gbits/sec  131447    506 KBytes       
[  5] 420.00-450.00 sec  26.5 GBytes  7.57 Gbits/sec  132263    926 KBytes       
[  5] 450.00-480.00 sec  26.3 GBytes  7.53 Gbits/sec  128107    628 KBytes       
[  5] 480.00-510.00 sec  26.5 GBytes  7.58 Gbits/sec  151737    868 KBytes       
[  5] 510.00-540.00 sec  26.4 GBytes  7.57 Gbits/sec  132101    646 KBytes       
[  5] 540.00-570.00 sec  26.3 GBytes  7.52 Gbits/sec  137192    609 KBytes       
[  5] 570.00-600.00 sec  26.6 GBytes  7.61 Gbits/sec  151658    686 KBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-600.00 sec   528 GBytes  7.56 Gbits/sec  2689360             sender
[  5]   0.00-600.04 sec   528 GBytes  7.56 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Test 4A

value.yaml

bgp:
  enabled: true
  announce:
    loadbalancerIP: true
bandwidthManager:
  enabled: true
hostFirewall:
  enabled: true
ipam:
  mode: kubernetes
k8sServiceHost: [K8S_CONTROL_PLANE_IP]
k8sServicePort: 6443
kubeProxyReplacement: strict
loadBalancer:
  algorithm: maglev
  serviceTopology: true
  mode: hybrid
tunnel: disabled
ipv4NativeRoutingCIDR: "10.9.0.0/17"
autoDirectNodeRoutes: true
bpf:
  masquerade: true

RPS

Benchmark-01:

Summary:
  Total:        600.0102 secs
  Slowest:      1.0528 secs
  Fastest:      0.0017 secs
  Average:      0.5998 secs
  Requests/sec: 64057.8888


Response time histogram:
  0.002 [1]     |
  0.107 [999955]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.212 [0]     |
  0.317 [0]     |
  0.422 [0]     |
  0.527 [0]     |
  0.632 [0]     |
  0.737 [0]     |
  0.843 [0]     |
  0.948 [0]     |
  1.053 [44]    |


Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0119 secs
  25% in 0.0134 secs
  50% in 0.0153 secs
  75% in 0.0176 secs
  90% in 0.0205 secs
  95% in 0.0223 secs
  99% in 0.0266 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.2163 secs, 0.0017 secs, 1.0528 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0674 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0276 secs
  resp wait:    0.2470 secs, 0.0002 secs, 0.0499 secs
  resp read:    0.0690 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0264 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses

Benchmark-02:

Summary:
  Total:        600.0062 secs
  Slowest:      1.0403 secs
  Fastest:      0.0042 secs
  Average:      0.5998 secs
  Requests/sec: 67631.4729


Response time histogram:
  0.004 [1]     |
  0.108 [999958]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.211 [0]     |
  0.315 [0]     |
  0.419 [0]     |
  0.522 [0]     |
  0.626 [0]     |
  0.729 [0]     |
  0.833 [0]     |
  0.937 [0]     |
  1.040 [41]    |


Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0110 secs
  25% in 0.0125 secs
  50% in 0.0141 secs
  75% in 0.0164 secs
  90% in 0.0194 secs
  95% in 0.0211 secs
  99% in 0.0262 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.2142 secs, 0.0042 secs, 1.0403 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0674 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0173 secs
  resp wait:    0.2491 secs, 0.0002 secs, 0.0491 secs
  resp read:    0.0690 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0143 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses

iperf3

Benchmark-01:

Connecting to host [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP], port 5201
[  5] local 46.4.189.34 port 35562 connected to [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-30.00  sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  2707   1.99 MBytes       
[  5]  30.00-60.00  sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  988   2.05 MBytes       
[  5]  60.00-90.00  sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3344   1.93 MBytes       
[  5]  90.00-120.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1477   2.17 MBytes       
[  5] 120.00-150.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1270   2.43 MBytes       
[  5] 150.00-180.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3467   2.15 MBytes       
[  5] 180.00-210.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3982   1.80 MBytes       
[  5] 210.00-240.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1706   2.88 MBytes       
[  5] 240.00-270.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1406   2.36 MBytes       
[  5] 270.00-300.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2516   1.99 MBytes       
[  5] 300.00-330.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1178   1.77 MBytes       
[  5] 330.00-360.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3064   1.75 MBytes       
[  5] 360.00-390.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  789   2.82 MBytes       
[  5] 390.00-420.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2660   2.06 MBytes       
[  5] 420.00-450.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1608   2.03 MBytes       
[  5] 450.00-480.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3173   1.68 MBytes       
[  5] 480.00-510.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2213   1.78 MBytes       
[  5] 510.00-540.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec   13   2.99 MBytes       
[  5] 540.00-570.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3377   1.88 MBytes       
[  5] 570.00-600.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3141   1.90 MBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-600.00 sec   657 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  44079             sender
[  5]   0.00-600.04 sec   657 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Benchmark-02:

Connecting to host [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP], port 5201
[  5] local 46.4.189.35 port 43472 connected to [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-30.00  sec  32.8 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3315   1.04 MBytes       
[  5]  30.00-60.00  sec  32.8 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1839   1.68 MBytes       
[  5]  60.00-90.00  sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  2714   1.80 MBytes       
[  5]  90.00-120.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3168   2.20 MBytes       
[  5] 120.00-150.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3095   1.69 MBytes       
[  5] 150.00-180.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  1958   1.17 MBytes       
[  5] 180.00-210.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2805   2.33 MBytes       
[  5] 210.00-240.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  2307   2.08 MBytes       
[  5] 240.00-270.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  2596   1.93 MBytes       
[  5] 270.00-300.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1205   2.10 MBytes       
[  5] 300.00-330.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3100   1.68 MBytes       
[  5] 330.00-360.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2006   2.02 MBytes       
[  5] 360.00-390.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1048   1.93 MBytes       
[  5] 390.00-420.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1702   1.53 MBytes       
[  5] 420.00-450.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  4670   2.15 MBytes       
[  5] 450.00-480.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3172   1.03 MBytes       
[  5] 480.00-510.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  2812   1.95 MBytes       
[  5] 510.00-540.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1754   2.12 MBytes       
[  5] 540.00-570.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3625   1.68 MBytes       
[  5] 570.00-600.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3817   2.51 MBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-600.00 sec   657 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  52708             sender
[  5]   0.00-600.04 sec   657 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Test 4B

With CiliumNetworkPolicy deployed and a 3rd benchmark (firewalled) system generating traffic.

value.yaml

bgp:
  enabled: true
  announce:
    loadbalancerIP: true
bandwidthManager:
  enabled: true
hostFirewall:
  enabled: true
ipam:
  mode: kubernetes
k8sServiceHost: [K8S_CONTROL_PLANE_IP]
k8sServicePort: 6443
kubeProxyReplacement: strict
loadBalancer:
  algorithm: maglev
  serviceTopology: true
  mode: hybrid
tunnel: disabled
ipv4NativeRoutingCIDR: "10.9.0.0/17"
autoDirectNodeRoutes: true
bpf:
  masquerade: true

RPS

Benchmark-01:

Summary:
  Total:        600.5526 secs
  Slowest:      1.0480 secs
  Fastest:      0.0039 secs
  Average:      0.5998 secs
  Requests/sec: 64222.0282


Response time histogram:
  0.004 [1]     |
  0.108 [999994]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.213 [0]     |
  0.317 [0]     |
  0.422 [0]     |
  0.526 [0]     |
  0.630 [0]     |
  0.735 [0]     |
  0.839 [0]     |
  0.944 [0]     |
  1.048 [5]     |


Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0120 secs
  25% in 0.0136 secs
  50% in 0.0155 secs
  75% in 0.0180 secs
  90% in 0.0209 secs
  95% in 0.0229 secs
  99% in 0.0279 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.2074 secs, 0.0039 secs, 1.0480 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0672 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0260 secs
  resp wait:    0.2561 secs, 0.0002 secs, 0.0468 secs
  resp read:    0.0689 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0172 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses

Benchmark-02:

Summary:
  Total:        600.2662 secs
  Slowest:      1.0260 secs
  Fastest:      0.0018 secs
  Average:      0.5998 secs
  Requests/sec: 67072.4644


Response time histogram:
  0.002 [1]     |
  0.104 [999996]        |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
  0.207 [0]     |
  0.309 [0]     |
  0.412 [0]     |
  0.514 [0]     |
  0.616 [0]     |
  0.719 [0]     |
  0.821 [0]     |
  0.924 [0]     |
  1.026 [3]     |


Latency distribution:
  10% in 0.0106 secs
  25% in 0.0122 secs
  50% in 0.0139 secs
  75% in 0.0162 secs
  90% in 0.0193 secs
  95% in 0.0211 secs
  99% in 0.0275 secs

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:   0.2050 secs, 0.0018 secs, 1.0260 secs
  DNS-lookup:   0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:    0.0672 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0235 secs
  resp wait:    0.2585 secs, 0.0002 secs, 0.0471 secs
  resp read:    0.0689 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0225 secs

Status code distribution:
  [200] 1000000 responses

Benchmark-03 (firewalled):

Summary:
  Total:        600.0602 secs
  Slowest:      0.0000 secs
  Fastest:      0.0000 secs
  Average:       NaN secs
  Requests/sec: 49.9950


Response time histogram:


Latency distribution:

Details (average, fastest, slowest):
  DNS+dialup:    NaN secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  DNS-lookup:    NaN secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  req write:     NaN secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  resp wait:     NaN secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs
  resp read:     NaN secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs

Status code distribution:

Error distribution:
  [24620]       Get "http://[ECHOSERVER_LB_SERVICE_IP]/": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
  [5380]        Get "http://[ECHOSERVER_LB_SERVICE_IP]/": dial tcp [ECHOSERVER_LB_SERVICE_IP]:80: i/o timeout (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)

iperf3

benchmark-01:

Connecting to host [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP], port 5201
[  5] local 46.4.189.34 port 33796 connected to [IPERF_01_LB_SERVICE_IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-30.00  sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3205   1.22 MBytes       
[  5]  30.00-60.00  sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3007   1.55 MBytes       
[  5]  60.00-90.00  sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3730   1.53 MBytes       
[  5]  90.00-120.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3980   1.22 MBytes       
[  5] 120.00-150.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  2779   1.70 MBytes       
[  5] 150.00-180.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  4756   1.85 MBytes       
[  5] 180.00-210.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3958   1.14 MBytes       
[  5] 210.00-240.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3345   2.34 MBytes       
[  5] 240.00-270.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  5556   1.13 MBytes       
[  5] 270.00-300.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  4667   1.20 MBytes       
[  5] 300.00-330.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3789   1.48 MBytes       
[  5] 330.00-360.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3389   1.63 MBytes       
[  5] 360.00-390.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1691   1.84 MBytes       
[  5] 390.00-420.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  2795   1.56 MBytes       
[  5] 420.00-450.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  1306   2.37 MBytes       
[  5] 450.00-480.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2159   1.64 MBytes       
[  5] 480.00-510.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2096   1.25 MBytes       
[  5] 510.00-540.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2424   1.30 MBytes       
[  5] 540.00-570.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2125   1.47 MBytes       
[  5] 570.00-600.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  203   2.19 MBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-600.00 sec   657 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  60960             sender
[  5]   0.00-600.04 sec   657 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Benchmark-02:

Connecting to host [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP], port 5201
[  5] local 46.4.189.35 port 37030 connected to [IPERF_02_LB_SERVICE_IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-30.00  sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3307   2.01 MBytes       
[  5]  30.00-60.00  sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  1694   3.01 MBytes       
[  5]  60.00-90.00  sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1970   3.01 MBytes       
[  5]  90.00-120.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  672   1.69 MBytes       
[  5] 120.00-150.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  4226   1.88 MBytes       
[  5] 150.00-180.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2296   2.33 MBytes       
[  5] 180.00-210.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1395   3.01 MBytes       
[  5] 210.00-240.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3333   2.00 MBytes       
[  5] 240.00-270.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  1796   2.11 MBytes       
[  5] 270.00-300.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2763   1.59 MBytes       
[  5] 300.00-330.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  2576   2.30 MBytes       
[  5] 330.00-360.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2188   2.25 MBytes       
[  5] 360.00-390.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2244   1.38 MBytes       
[  5] 390.00-420.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  3038   1.81 MBytes       
[  5] 420.00-450.00 sec  32.9 GBytes  9.41 Gbits/sec  2856   2.82 MBytes       
[  5] 450.00-480.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  2065   3.01 MBytes       
[  5] 480.00-510.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.38 Gbits/sec  488   3.01 MBytes       
[  5] 510.00-540.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.39 Gbits/sec  792   2.71 MBytes       
[  5] 540.00-570.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  1357   2.30 MBytes       
[  5] 570.00-600.00 sec  32.8 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  3440   1.74 MBytes       
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-600.00 sec   657 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec  44496             sender
[  5]   0.00-600.04 sec   657 GBytes  9.40 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.

Benchmark-03 (firewalled):

iperf3: error - unable to send control message: Bad file descriptor

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