Minor updates to descriptions in 8.3.0

docs/source/hed_lang_schema.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# HED LANG schema
+
+The cognitive neuroscience of language is a large subdomain that investigates the neural basis of language processing.
+Language is central to human cognition and the majority of neuroimaging experiments make use of
+language in their experimental designs.
+Analysis of language experiments can be based on the low-level orthographic or phonetic characteristics of stimuli,
+or higher level syntactic and grammatical properties.
+
+LANG is a Hierarchical Event Descriptors Library Schema for linguistic stimuli annotation.
+The schema allows for detailed annotation of neuroimaging experiments that involve language events,
+from carefully controlled experiments in the domain of language processing,
+to more complex naturalistic paradigms involving written or spoken language.
+
+LANG allows for annotation of language stimuli on different levels through the orthogonal definition
+of Language-items and Language-item-properties. Full sentences can be annotated with sentence-level characteristics, 
+while the individual words in the sentence can be associated with word-level characteristics, and so on. 
+Annotation possibilities are extensive and cover characteristics found across languages to allow for between language comparisons.
+
+## Development of LANG
+
+LANG is currently under development and only available in prerelease. The current version of the schema
+is primarily centered around written language and further development focusses on adding grammatical 
+aspect characteristics and spoken word characteristics into the vocabulary.
+
+If you are interested in participating in this effort or have any comments or suggestions,
+please post an [**issue**](https://github.com/hed-standard/hed-schemas/issues) to this repository.

standard_schema/prerelease/HED8.3.0.mediawiki

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Each term in this vocabulary has a human-readable description and may include ad
 
 '''Action''' <nowiki>{extensionAllowed, hedId=HED_0012016} [Do something.]</nowiki>
 * Communicate <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012017} [Action conveying knowledge of or about something.]</nowiki>
-** Communicate-gesturally <nowiki>{relatedTag=Move-face, relatedTag=Move-upper-extremity, hedId=HED_0012018} [Communicate nonverbally using visible bodily actions, either in place of speech or together and in parallel with spoken words. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body.]</nowiki>
+** Communicate-gesturally <nowiki>{relatedTag=Move-face, relatedTag=Move-upper-extremity, hedId=HED_0012018} [Communicate non-verbally using visible bodily actions, either in place of speech or together and in parallel with spoken words. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body.]</nowiki>
 *** Clap-hands <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012019} [Strike the palms of against one another resoundingly, and usually repeatedly, especially to express approval.]</nowiki>
 *** Clear-throat <nowiki>{relatedTag=Move-face, relatedTag=Move-head, hedId=HED_0012020} [Cough slightly so as to speak more clearly, attract attention, or to express hesitancy before saying something awkward.]</nowiki>
 *** Frown <nowiki>{relatedTag=Move-face, hedId=HED_0012021} [Express disapproval, displeasure, or concentration, typically by turning down the corners of the mouth.]</nowiki>
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Each term in this vocabulary has a human-readable description and may include ad
 ****** Lip <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012190} [Fleshy fold which surrounds the opening of the mouth.]</nowiki>
 ****** Mouth <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012191} [The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening.]</nowiki>
 ****** Mouth-part <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0013204} [A part of the mouth.]</nowiki>
-******* Teeth <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012193} [The hard bonelike structures in the jaws. A collection of teeth arranged in some pattern in the mouth or other part of the body.]</nowiki>
+******* Teeth <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012193} [The hard bone-like structures in the jaws. A collection of teeth arranged in some pattern in the mouth or other part of the body.]</nowiki>
 ******* Tongue <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0013205} [A muscular organ in the mouth with significant role in mastication, swallowing, speech, and taste.]</nowiki>
 ****** Nose <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012192} [A structure of special sense serving as an organ of the sense of smell and as an entrance to the respiratory tract.]</nowiki>
 ***** Hair <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012194} [The filamentous outgrowth of the epidermis.]</nowiki>
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Each term in this vocabulary has a human-readable description and may include ad
 *** Plant <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012233} [Any living organism that typically synthesizes its food from inorganic substances and possesses cellulose cell walls.]</nowiki>
 * Language-item <nowiki>{suggestedTag=Sensory-presentation, hedId=HED_0012234} [An entity related to a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds, symbols, or gestures.]</nowiki>
 ** Character <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012235} [A mark or symbol used in writing.]</nowiki>
-** Clause <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012236} [Aunit of grammatical organization next below the sentence in rank, usually consisting of a subject and predicate.]</nowiki>
+** Clause <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012236} [A unit of grammatical organization next below the sentence in rank, usually consisting of a subject and predicate.]</nowiki>
 ** Glyph <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012237} [A hieroglyphic character, symbol, or pictograph.]</nowiki>
 ** Nonword <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012238} [An unpronounceable group of letters or speech sounds that is surrounded by white space when written, is not accepted as a word by native speakers.]</nowiki>
 ** Paragraph <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012239} [A distinct section of a piece of writing, usually dealing with a single theme.]</nowiki>
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ Each term in this vocabulary has a human-readable description and may include ad
 ** Geometric-object <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012248} [An object or a representation that has structure and topology in space.]</nowiki>
 *** 2D-shape <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012249} [A planar, two-dimensional shape.]</nowiki>
 **** Arrow <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012250} [A shape with a pointed end indicating direction.]</nowiki>
-**** Clockface <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012251} [The dial face of a clock. A location identifier based on clockface numbering or anatomic subregion.]</nowiki>
+**** Clockface <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012251} [The dial face of a clock. A location identifier based on clock-face-position numbering or anatomic subregion.]</nowiki>
 **** Cross <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012252} [A figure or mark formed by two intersecting lines crossing at their midpoints.]</nowiki>
 **** Dash <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012253} [A horizontal stroke in writing or printing to mark a pause or break in sense or to represent omitted letters or words.]</nowiki>
 **** Ellipse <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012254} [A closed plane curve resulting from the intersection of a circular cone and a plane cutting completely through it, especially a plane not parallel to the base.]</nowiki>
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ Each term in this vocabulary has a human-readable description and may include ad
 ******* Headphones <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012309} [An instrument that consists of a pair of small loudspeakers, or less commonly a single speaker, held close to ears and connected to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player or portable media player.]</nowiki>
 ******* Loudspeaker <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012310} [A device designed to convert electrical signals to sounds that can be heard.]</nowiki>
 ****** Display-device <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012311} [An output device for presentation of information in visual or tactile form the latter used for example in tactile electronic displays for blind people.]</nowiki>
-******* Computer-screen <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012312} [An electronic device designed as a display or a physical device designed to be a protective meshwork.]</nowiki>
+******* Computer-screen <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012312} [An electronic device designed as a display or a physical device designed to be a protective mesh work.]</nowiki>
 ******** Screen-window <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012313} [A part of a computer screen that contains a display different from the rest of the screen. A window is a graphical control element consisting of a visual area containing some of the graphical user interface of the program it belongs to and is framed by a window decoration.]</nowiki>
 ******* Head-mounted-display <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012314} [An instrument that functions as a display device, worn on the head or as part of a helmet, that has a small display optic in front of one (monocular HMD) or each eye (binocular HMD).]</nowiki>
 ******* LED-display <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012315} [A LED display is a flat panel display that uses an array of light-emitting diodes as pixels for a video display.]</nowiki>
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ Each term in this vocabulary has a human-readable description and may include ad
 **** Ceramic <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012337} [A hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material made by shaping and then firing a nonmetallic mineral, such as clay, at a high temperature.]</nowiki>
 **** Glass <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012338} [A brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure.]</nowiki>
 **** Paper <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012339} [A thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources in water.]</nowiki>
-**** Plastic <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012340} [Various high-molecular-weight thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers that are capable of being molded, extruded, drawn, or otherwise shaped and then hardened into a form.]</nowiki>
+**** Plastic <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012340} [Various high-molecular-weight thermoplastic or thermo-setting polymers that are capable of being molded, extruded, drawn, or otherwise shaped and then hardened into a form.]</nowiki>
 **** Steel <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012341} [An alloy made up of iron with typically a few tenths of a percent of carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to iron.]</nowiki>
 *** Media <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012342} [Media are audio/visual/audiovisual modes of communicating information for mass consumption.]</nowiki>
 **** Media-clip <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012343} [A short segment of media.]</nowiki>
@@ -536,14 +536,14 @@ Each term in this vocabulary has a human-readable description and may include ad
 **** ECG-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012496} [An electrical artifact from the far-field potential from pulsation of the heart, time locked to QRS complex.]</nowiki>
 **** EMG-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012497} [Artifact from muscle activity and myogenic potentials at the measurements site. In EEG, myogenic potentials are the most common artifacts. Frontalis and temporalis muscles (e.g. clenching of jaw muscles) are common causes. Generally, the potentials generated in the muscles are of shorter duration than those generated in the brain. The frequency components are usually beyond 30-50 Hz, and the bursts are arrhythmic.]</nowiki>
 **** Eye-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012498} [Ocular movements and blinks can result in artifacts in different types of data. In electrophysiology data, these can result transients and offsets the signal.]</nowiki>
-***** Eye-blink-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012499} [Artifact from eye blinking. In EEG, Fp1/Fp2 electrodes become electropositive with eye closure because the cornea is positively charged causing a negative deflection in Fp1/Fp2. If the eye blink is unilateral, consider prosthetic eye.]</nowiki>
+***** Eye-blink-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012499} [Artifact from eye blinking. In EEG, Fp1/Fp2 electrodes become electro-positive with eye closure because the cornea is positively charged causing a negative deflection in Fp1/Fp2. If the eye blink is unilateral, consider prosthetic eye.]</nowiki>
 ***** Eye-movement-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012500} [Eye movements can cause artifacts on recordings. The charge of the eye can especially cause artifacts in electrophysiology data.]</nowiki>
 ****** Horizontal-eye-movement-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012501} [Artifact from moving eyes left-to-right and right-to-left. In EEG, there is an upward deflection in the Fp2-F8 derivation, when the eyes move to the right side. In this case F8 becomes more positive and therefore. When the eyes move to the left, F7 becomes more positive and there is an upward deflection in the Fp1-F7 derivation.]</nowiki>
 ****** Nystagmus-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012502} [Artifact from nystagmus (a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements).]</nowiki>
 ****** Slow-eye-movement-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012503} [Artifacts originating from slow, rolling eye-movements, seen during drowsiness.]</nowiki>
 ****** Vertical-eye-movement-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012504} [Artifact from moving eyes up and down. In EEG, this causes positive potentials (50-100 micro V) with bi-frontal distribution, maximum at Fp1 and Fp2, when the eyeball rotates upward. The downward rotation of the eyeball is associated with the negative deflection. The time course of the deflections is similar to the time course of the eyeball movement.]</nowiki>
 **** Movement-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012505} [Artifact in the measured data generated by motion of the subject.]</nowiki>
-**** Pulse-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012506} [A mechanical artifact from a pulsating blood vessel near a measurement site, cardioballistic artifact.]</nowiki>
+**** Pulse-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012506} [A mechanical artifact from a pulsating blood vessel near a measurement site, cardio-ballistic artifact.]</nowiki>
 **** Respiration-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012507} [Artifact from breathing.]</nowiki>
 **** Rocking-patting-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012508} [Quasi-rhythmical artifacts in recordings most commonly seen in infants. Typically caused by a caregiver rocking or patting the infant.]</nowiki>
 **** Sucking-artifact <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012509} [Artifact from sucking, typically seen in very young cases.]</nowiki>
@@ -702,9 +702,9 @@ Each term in this vocabulary has a human-readable description and may include ad
 ***** Distance <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012662} [A measure of the space separating two objects or points.]</nowiki>
 ******  <nowiki># {takesValue, valueClass=numericClass, unitClass=physicalLengthUnits, hedId=HED_0012663}</nowiki>
 ***** Position <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012664} [A reference to the alignment of an object, a particular situation or view of a situation, or the location of an object. Coordinates with respect a specified frame of reference or the default Screen-frame if no frame is given.]</nowiki>
-****** Clock-face <nowiki>{deprecatedFrom=8.2.0, hedId=HED_0012326} [A location identifier based on clockface numbering or anatomic subregion. Replaced by Clock-face-position.]</nowiki>
+****** Clock-face <nowiki>{deprecatedFrom=8.2.0, hedId=HED_0012326} [A location identifier based on clock-face numbering or anatomic subregion. Replaced by Clock-face-position.]</nowiki>
 *******  <nowiki># {deprecatedFrom=8.2.0, takesValue, valueClass=numericClass, hedId=HED_0013228}</nowiki>
-****** Clock-face-position <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0013229} [A location identifier based on clockface numbering or anatomic subregion. As an object, just use the tag Clock.]</nowiki>
+****** Clock-face-position <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0013229} [A location identifier based on clock-face numbering or anatomic subregion. As an object, just use the tag Clock.]</nowiki>
 *******  <nowiki># {takesValue, valueClass=numericClass, hedId=HED_0013230}</nowiki>
 ****** X-position <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012665} [The position along the x-axis of the frame of reference.]</nowiki>
 *******  <nowiki># {takesValue, valueClass=numericClass, unitClass=physicalLengthUnits, hedId=HED_0012666}</nowiki>
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ Each term in this vocabulary has a human-readable description and may include ad
 *** Increasing <nowiki>{relatedTag=Decreasing, hedId=HED_0012730} [Becoming greater in size, amount, or degree.]</nowiki>
 *** Random <nowiki>{relatedTag=Deterministic, relatedTag=Stochastic, hedId=HED_0012731} [Governed by or depending on chance. Lacking any definite plan or order or purpose.]</nowiki>
 *** Repetitive <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012732} [A recurring action that is often non-purposeful.]</nowiki>
-*** Stochastic <nowiki>{relatedTag=Deterministic, relatedTag=Random, hedId=HED_0012733} [Usesa random probability distribution or pattern that may be analyzed statistically but may not be predicted precisely to determine future states.]</nowiki>
+*** Stochastic <nowiki>{relatedTag=Deterministic, relatedTag=Random, hedId=HED_0012733} [Uses a random probability distribution or pattern that may be analyzed statistically but may not be predicted precisely to determine future states.]</nowiki>
 *** Varying <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012734} [Differing in size, amount, degree, or nature.]</nowiki>
 * Environmental-property <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012735} [Relating to or arising from the surroundings of an agent.]</nowiki>
 ** Augmented-reality <nowiki>{hedId=HED_0012736} [Using technology that enhances real-world experiences with computer-derived digital overlays to change some aspects of perception of the natural environment. The digital content is shown to the user through a smart device or glasses and responds to changes in the environment.]</nowiki>