Update vendored Prometheus

[pracucci]

What this PR does

In this PR I'm updating the vendored mimir-prometheus, which has just been synced with upstream Prometheus, in order to get a couple of notable changes for us:

• Fix race condition in ChunkDiskMapper.Truncate()
• Fix infinite loop in index Writer when a series contains duplicated label names

A part from this, the other most noteable change in Prometheus is the support for storing native histograms in the snapshot at shutdown, but snapshotting (-blocks-storage.tsdb.memory-snapshot-on-shutdown) is disabled by default in Mimir (and also not used at Grafana Labs).

Changes to other vendored libraries

Checked release notes, no breaking changes:

-       github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.15.1
+       github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.16.0

Checked release notes, no breaking changes:

-       go.uber.org/atomic v1.10.0
+       go.uber.org/atomic v1.11.0

No change affecting our vendored files:

-       github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.10.0
+       github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.10.1

Checked release notes and also the diff. Most changes are affecting packages we're not vendoring. Looking at the actual code diff for the packages we vendor, I can only see relatively minor changes:

-       go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.14.0
-       go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.14.0
+       go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.16.0
+       go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.16.0
-       go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.37.0 // indirect
+       go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.16.0 // indirect

Checked release notes and I can only see a fix affecting otelhttp:

-       go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.40.0 // indirect
+       go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.42.0 // indirect

Checked the CHANGELOGs for azcore, azidentity and auth library: I can't see any breaking change affecting us:

-       github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.3.1 // indirect
+       github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.6.0 // indirect

-       github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.2.1 // indirect
+       github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.3.0 // indirect

-       github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.1.2 // indirect
+       github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.3.0 // indirect

-       github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v0.8.1 // indirect
+       github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.0.0 // indirect

No change affecting the packages we vendor:

-       github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.20.0 // indirect
+       github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.21.0 // indirect

Removed SingleInflight support, but it's not usde by Mimir or any vendored library:

-       github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.53 // indirect
+       github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.54 // indirect

Added ClientAllowedSans to TLSConfig. If we want to support it, we'll have to add it to weaveworks/common first:

-       github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit v0.9.1 // indirect
+       github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit v0.10.0 // indirect

Which issue(s) this PR fixes or relates to

N/A

Checklist

• Tests updated
• Documentation added
• CHANGELOG.md updated - the order of entries should be [CHANGE], [FEATURE], [ENHANCEMENT], [BUGFIX]