Moving the reference lifetime at the trait level

README.md

@@ -156,9 +156,7 @@ struct MyEqMatcher<T> {
     expected: T,
 }
 
-impl<T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher for MyEqMatcher<T> {
-    type ActualT = T;
-
+impl<T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher<T> for MyEqMatcher<T> {
     fn matches(&self, actual: &Self::ActualT) -> MatcherResult {
          (self.expected == *actual).into()
     }
@@ -179,7 +177,7 @@ impl<T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher for MyEqMatcher<T> {
 It is recommended to expose a function which constructs the matcher:
 
 ```rust
-pub fn eq_my_way<T: PartialEq + Debug>(expected: T) -> impl Matcher<ActualT = T> {
+pub fn eq_my_way<T: PartialEq + Debug>(expected: T) -> impl Matcher<T> {
     MyEqMatcher { expected }
 }
 ```

googletest/crate_docs.md

@@ -206,20 +206,19 @@ The following matchers are provided in GoogleTest Rust:
 
 One can extend the library by writing additional matchers. To do so, create
 a struct holding the matcher's data and have it implement the trait
-[`Matcher`]:
+[`Matcher`] (and optionally the [`MatcherExt`] trait):
 
 ```no_run
-use googletest::{description::Description, matcher::{Matcher, MatcherResult}};
+use googletest::{description::Description, matcher::{Matcher, MatcherExt, MatcherResult}};
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
+#[derive(MatcherExt)]
 struct MyEqMatcher<T> {
     expected: T,
 }
 
-impl<T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher for MyEqMatcher<T> {
-    type ActualT = T;
-
-    fn matches(&self, actual: &Self::ActualT) -> MatcherResult {
+impl<'a, T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher<'a, T> for MyEqMatcher<T> {
+    fn matches<'b>(&self, actual: &'b T) -> MatcherResult where 'a: 'b{
         if self.expected == *actual {
             MatcherResult::Match
         } else {
@@ -243,17 +242,15 @@ impl<T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher for MyEqMatcher<T> {
  It is recommended to expose a function which constructs the matcher:
 
  ```no_run
- # use googletest::{description::Description, matcher::{Matcher, MatcherResult}};
+ # use googletest::{description::Description, matcher::{Matcher, MatcherExt, MatcherResult}};
  # use std::fmt::Debug;
- #
+ # #[derive(MatcherExt)]
  # struct MyEqMatcher<T> {
  #    expected: T,
  # }
  #
- # impl<T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher for MyEqMatcher<T> {
- #    type ActualT = T;
- #
- #    fn matches(&self, actual: &Self::ActualT) -> MatcherResult {
+ # impl<'a, T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher<'a, T> for MyEqMatcher<T> {
+ #    fn matches<'b>(&self, actual: &'b T) -> MatcherResult where 'a: 'b{
  #        if self.expected == *actual {
  #            MatcherResult::Match
  #        } else {
@@ -273,7 +270,7 @@ impl<T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher for MyEqMatcher<T> {
  #    }
  # }
  #
- pub fn eq_my_way<T: PartialEq + Debug>(expected: T) -> impl Matcher<ActualT = T> {
+ pub fn eq_my_way<'a, T: PartialEq + Debug>(expected: T) -> impl Matcher<'a, T> {
     MyEqMatcher { expected }
  }
  ```
@@ -282,17 +279,15 @@ impl<T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher for MyEqMatcher<T> {
 
 ```
 # use googletest::prelude::*;
-# use googletest::{description::Description, matcher::{Matcher, MatcherResult}};
+# use googletest::{description::Description, matcher::{Matcher, MatcherExt, MatcherResult}};
 # use std::fmt::Debug;
-#
+# #[derive(MatcherExt)]
 # struct MyEqMatcher<T> {
 #    expected: T,
 # }
 #
-# impl<T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher for MyEqMatcher<T> {
-#    type ActualT = T;
-#
-#    fn matches(&self, actual: &Self::ActualT) -> MatcherResult {
+# impl<'a, T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher<'a, T> for MyEqMatcher<T> {
+#    fn matches<'b>(&self, actual: &'b T) -> MatcherResult where 'a: 'b{
 #        if self.expected == *actual {
 #            MatcherResult::Match
 #        } else {
@@ -312,7 +307,7 @@ impl<T: PartialEq + Debug> Matcher for MyEqMatcher<T> {
 #    }
 # }
 #
-# pub fn eq_my_way<T: PartialEq + Debug>(expected: T) -> impl Matcher<ActualT = T> {
+# pub fn eq_my_way<'a, T: PartialEq + Debug>(expected: T) -> impl Matcher<'a, T> {
 #    MyEqMatcher { expected }
 # }
 # /* The attribute macro would prevent the function from being compiled in a doctest.
@@ -493,3 +488,4 @@ through the `?` operator as the example above shows.
 [`and_log_failure()`]: GoogleTestSupport::and_log_failure
 [`into_test_result()`]: IntoTestResult::into_test_result
 [`Matcher`]: matcher::Matcher
+[`MatcherExt`]: matcher::MatcherExt

googletest/src/assertions.rs

@@ -497,9 +497,9 @@ pub mod internal {
     ///
     /// **For internal use only. API stablility is not guaranteed!**
     #[must_use = "The assertion result must be evaluated to affect the test result."]
-    pub fn check_matcher<T: Debug + ?Sized>(
-        actual: &T,
-        expected: impl Matcher<ActualT = T>,
+    pub fn check_matcher<'a, T: Debug + ?Sized>(
+        actual: &'a T,
+        expected: impl Matcher<'a, T>,
         actual_expr: &'static str,
         source_location: SourceLocation,
     ) -> Result<(), TestAssertionFailure> {

googletest/src/lib.rs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub mod matchers;
 /// }
 /// ```
 pub mod prelude {
-    pub use super::matcher::Matcher;
+    pub use super::matcher::{Matcher, MatcherExt};
     pub use super::matchers::*;
     pub use super::verify_current_test_outcome;
     pub use super::GoogleTestSupport;

googletest/src/matcher.rs

@@ -19,24 +19,22 @@ use crate::internal::source_location::SourceLocation;
 use crate::internal::test_outcome::TestAssertionFailure;
 use crate::matchers::__internal_unstable_do_not_depend_on_these::ConjunctionMatcher;
 use crate::matchers::__internal_unstable_do_not_depend_on_these::DisjunctionMatcher;
+pub use googletest_macro::MatcherExt;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 /// An interface for checking an arbitrary condition on a datum.
 ///
 /// This trait is automatically implemented for a reference of any type
 /// implementing `Matcher`. This simplifies reusing a matcher in different
 /// assertions.
-pub trait Matcher {
-    /// The type against which this matcher matches.
-    type ActualT: Debug + ?Sized;
-
+pub trait Matcher<'a, ActualT: Debug + ?Sized> {
     /// Returns whether the condition matches the datum `actual`.
     ///
     /// The trait implementation defines what it means to "match". Often the
     /// matching condition is based on data stored in the matcher. For example,
     /// `eq` matches when its stored expected value is equal (in the sense of
     /// the `==` operator) to the value `actual`.
-    fn matches(&self, actual: &Self::ActualT) -> MatcherResult;
+    fn matches<'b>(&self, actual: &'b ActualT) -> MatcherResult where 'a: 'b;
 
     /// Returns a description of `self` or a negative description if
     /// `matcher_result` is `DoesNotMatch`.
@@ -137,10 +135,22 @@ pub trait Matcher {
     ///         .nested(self.expected.explain_match(actual.deref()))
     /// }
     /// ```
-    fn explain_match(&self, actual: &Self::ActualT) -> Description {
+    fn explain_match<'b>(&self, actual: &'b ActualT) -> Description where 'a: 'b{
         format!("which {}", self.describe(self.matches(actual))).into()
     }
+}
 
+/// Trait extension for matchers. It is highly recommended to implement it for
+/// each type implementing `Matcher`.
+// The `and` and `or` functions cannot be part of the `Matcher` traits since it
+// is parametric. Consider that `and` and `or` are part of the `Matcher` trait
+// and `MyMatcher` implements both `Matcher<A>` and `Matcher<B>`.
+// Then `MyMatcher{...}.and(...)` can be either:
+//   * `Matcher::<A>::and(MyMatcher{...}, ...)` or
+//   * `Matcher::<B>::and(MyMatcher{...}, ...)`.
+// Moving the `and` and `or` functions in a non-generic trait remove this
+// confusion by making `and` and `or` unique for a given type.
+pub trait MatcherExt {
     /// Constructs a matcher that matches both `self` and `right`.
     ///
     /// ```
@@ -164,10 +174,7 @@ pub trait Matcher {
     // TODO(b/264518763): Replace the return type with impl Matcher and reduce
     // visibility of ConjunctionMatcher once impl in return position in trait
     // methods is stable.
-    fn and<Right: Matcher<ActualT = Self::ActualT>>(
-        self,
-        right: Right,
-    ) -> ConjunctionMatcher<Self, Right>
+    fn and<Right>(self, right: Right) -> ConjunctionMatcher<Self, Right>
     where
         Self: Sized,
     {
@@ -194,10 +201,7 @@ pub trait Matcher {
     // TODO(b/264518763): Replace the return type with impl Matcher and reduce
     // visibility of DisjunctionMatcher once impl in return position in trait
     // methods is stable.
-    fn or<Right: Matcher<ActualT = Self::ActualT>>(
-        self,
-        right: Right,
-    ) -> DisjunctionMatcher<Self, Right>
+    fn or<Right>(self, right: Right) -> DisjunctionMatcher<Self, Right>
     where
         Self: Sized,
     {
@@ -214,9 +218,9 @@ const PRETTY_PRINT_LENGTH_THRESHOLD: usize = 60;
 ///
 /// The parameter `actual_expr` contains the expression which was evaluated to
 /// obtain `actual`.
-pub(crate) fn create_assertion_failure<T: Debug + ?Sized>(
-    matcher: &impl Matcher<ActualT = T>,
-    actual: &T,
+pub(crate) fn create_assertion_failure<'a, T: Debug + ?Sized>(
+    matcher: &impl Matcher<'a, T>,
+    actual: &'a T,
     actual_expr: &'static str,
     source_location: SourceLocation,
 ) -> TestAssertionFailure {
@@ -273,18 +277,18 @@ impl MatcherResult {
     }
 }
 
-impl<M: Matcher> Matcher for &M {
-    type ActualT = M::ActualT;
+impl<M: ?Sized + MatcherExt> MatcherExt for &M {}
 
-    fn matches(&self, actual: &Self::ActualT) -> MatcherResult {
+impl<'a, T: Debug + ?Sized, M: Matcher<'a, T>> Matcher<'a, T> for &M {
+    fn matches<'b>(&self, actual: &'b T) -> MatcherResult where 'a : 'b{
         (*self).matches(actual)
     }
 
     fn describe(&self, matcher_result: MatcherResult) -> Description {
         (*self).describe(matcher_result)
     }
 
-    fn explain_match(&self, actual: &Self::ActualT) -> Description {
+    fn explain_match<'b>(&self, actual: &'b T) -> Description where 'a: 'b{
         (*self).explain_match(actual)
     }
 }

googletest/src/matchers/all_matcher.rs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 /// ```
 ///
 /// Using this macro is equivalent to using the
-/// [`and`][crate::matcher::Matcher::and] method:
+/// [`and`][crate::matcher::MatcherExt::and] method:
 ///
 /// ```
 /// # use googletest::prelude::*;
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn description_shows_more_than_one_matcher() -> Result<()> {
-        let first_matcher: StrMatcher<String, _> = starts_with("A");
+        let first_matcher = starts_with("A");
         let second_matcher = ends_with("string");
         let matcher = all!(first_matcher, second_matcher);
 
         verify_that!(
-            matcher.describe(MatcherResult::Match),
+            Matcher::<String>::describe(&matcher, MatcherResult::Match),
             displays_as(eq(indoc!(
                 "
                 has all the following properties:
@@ -95,19 +95,19 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn description_shows_one_matcher_directly() -> Result<()> {
-        let first_matcher: StrMatcher<String, _> = starts_with("A");
+        let first_matcher = starts_with("A");
         let matcher = all!(first_matcher);
 
         verify_that!(
-            matcher.describe(MatcherResult::Match),
+            Matcher::<String>::describe(&matcher, MatcherResult::Match),
             displays_as(eq("starts with prefix \"A\""))
         )
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn mismatch_description_shows_which_matcher_failed_if_more_than_one_constituent() -> Result<()>
     {
-        let first_matcher: StrMatcher<str, _> = starts_with("Another");
+        let first_matcher = starts_with("Another");
         let second_matcher = ends_with("string");
         let matcher = all!(first_matcher, second_matcher);
 

googletest/src/matchers/any_matcher.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 /// ```
 ///
 /// Using this macro is equivalent to using the
-/// [`or`][crate::matcher::Matcher::or] method:
+/// [`or`][crate::matcher::MatcherExt::or] method:
 ///
 /// ```
 /// # use googletest::prelude::*;
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn description_shows_more_than_one_matcher() -> Result<()> {
-        let first_matcher: StrMatcher<String, &str> = starts_with("A");
+        let first_matcher = starts_with("A");
         let second_matcher = ends_with("string");
         let matcher = any!(first_matcher, second_matcher);
 
         verify_that!(
-            matcher.describe(MatcherResult::Match),
+            Matcher::<String>::describe(&matcher, MatcherResult::Match),
             displays_as(eq(indoc!(
                 "
                 has at least one of the following properties:
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn description_shows_one_matcher_directly() -> Result<()> {
-        let first_matcher: StrMatcher<String, &str> = starts_with("A");
+        let first_matcher = starts_with("A");
         let matcher = any!(first_matcher);
 
         verify_that!(
-            matcher.describe(MatcherResult::Match),
+            Matcher::<String>::describe(&matcher, MatcherResult::Match),
             displays_as(eq("starts with prefix \"A\""))
         )
     }

googletest/src/matchers/anything_matcher.rs

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 
 use crate::{
     description::Description,
-    matcher::{Matcher, MatcherResult},
+    matcher::{Matcher, MatcherExt, MatcherResult},
 };
-use std::{fmt::Debug, marker::PhantomData};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 /// Matches anything. This matcher always succeeds.
 ///
@@ -32,16 +32,18 @@ use std::{fmt::Debug, marker::PhantomData};
 /// # }
 /// # should_pass().unwrap();
 /// ```
-pub fn anything<T: Debug + ?Sized>() -> impl Matcher<ActualT = T> {
-    Anything::<T>(Default::default())
+pub fn anything() -> Anything {
+    Anything
 }
 
-struct Anything<T: ?Sized>(PhantomData<T>);
+#[derive(MatcherExt)]
+pub struct Anything;
 
-impl<T: Debug + ?Sized> Matcher for Anything<T> {
-    type ActualT = T;
-
-    fn matches(&self, _: &T) -> MatcherResult {
+impl<'a, T: Debug + ?Sized> Matcher<'a, T> for Anything {
+    fn matches<'b>(&self, _: &'b T) -> MatcherResult
+    where
+        'a: 'b,
+    {
         MatcherResult::Match
     }