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add example Logging and Embed Directive
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| // `//go:embed` 是一个 [编译器指令](https://pkg.go.dev/cmd/compile#hdr-Compiler_Directives)， | ||
| // 它允许程序在构建时将任意文件和文件夹包含在 Go 二进制文件中。在这里阅读有关嵌入指令的更多信息：[这里](https://pkg.go.dev/embed)。 | ||
| package main | ||
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| // 导入 `embed` 包；如果您不使用该包中的任何导出标识符，可以使用 `_ "embed"` 进行空白导入。 | ||
| import ( | ||
| "embed" | ||
| ) | ||
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| // `embed` 指令接受相对于包含 Go 源文件的目录的路径。 | ||
| // 该指令将文件的内容嵌入到紧随其后的 `string` 变量中。 | ||
| // | ||
| //go:embed folder/single_file.txt | ||
| var fileString string | ||
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| // 将文件的内容嵌入到一个 `[]byte` 中。 | ||
| // | ||
| //go:embed folder/single_file.txt | ||
| var fileByte []byte | ||
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| // 我们还可以使用通配符嵌入多个文件甚至文件夹。 | ||
| // 这将使用 [embed.FS 类型](https://pkg.go.dev/embed#FS)的变量， | ||
| // 该类型实现了一个简单的虚拟文件系统。 | ||
| // | ||
| //go:embed folder/single_file.txt | ||
| //go:embed folder/*.hash | ||
| var folder embed.FS | ||
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| func main() { | ||
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| // 打印出 `single_file.txt` 的内容。 | ||
| print(fileString) | ||
| print(string(fileByte)) | ||
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| // 从嵌入的文件夹中检索一些文件。 | ||
| content1, _ := folder.ReadFile("folder/file1.hash") | ||
| print(string(content1)) | ||
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| content2, _ := folder.ReadFile("folder/file2.hash") | ||
| print(string(content2)) | ||
| } |
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| 69526bd78ac861c85bb12b96e9f1273e8aecc5a6 | ||
| 6m2ll-D52BB |
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| # 使用这些命令来运行示例。 | ||
| #（注意：由于 Go Playground 的限制，这个示例只能在您的本地机器上运行。） | ||
| $ mkdir -p folder | ||
| $ echo "hello go" > folder/single_file.txt | ||
| $ echo "123" > folder/file1.hash | ||
| $ echo "456" > folder/file2.hash | ||
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| $ go run embed-directive.go | ||
| hello go | ||
| hello go | ||
| 123 | ||
| 456 | ||
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| @@ -0,0 +1 @@ | ||
| 123 |
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| 456 |
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| hello go |
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| // Go标准库提供了直观的工具用于从Go程序输出日志 | ||
| // 使用 [log](https://pkg.go.dev/log) 包进行自由格式输出 | ||
| // 使用 [log/slog](https://pkg.go.dev/log/slog) 包进行结构化输出。 | ||
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| package main | ||
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| import ( | ||
| "bytes" | ||
| "fmt" | ||
| "log" | ||
| "os" | ||
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| "log/slog" | ||
| ) | ||
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| func main() { | ||
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| // 只需调用 `log` 包中的 `Println` 等函数即可使用 _标准_ logger。 | ||
| // 它已经预先配置为将日志输出到 `os.Stderr`。 | ||
| // 像 `Fatal*` 或 `Panic*` 这样的附加方法将在记录日志后退出程序。 | ||
| log.Println("standard logger") | ||
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| // 日志记录器可以使用 _flags_ 进行配置，以设置它们的输出格式。 | ||
| // 默认情况下，标准记录器已设置了 `log.Ldate` 和 `log.Ltime` 标志， | ||
| // 并将它们收集在 `log.LstdFlags` 中。 | ||
| // 我们可以更改其标志以发出微秒精度的时间，例如： | ||
| log.SetFlags(log.LstdFlags | log.Lmicroseconds) | ||
| log.Println("with micro") | ||
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| // 它还支持发出调用 log` 函数的文件名和行号。 | ||
| log.SetFlags(log.LstdFlags | log.Lshortfile) | ||
| log.Println("with file/line") | ||
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| // 可能会有用创建一个自定义记录器并在各处传递它。 | ||
| // 创建新记录器时，我们可以设置一个 _前缀_ 来区分其输出和其他日志记录器。 | ||
| mylog := log.New(os.Stdout, "my:", log.LstdFlags) | ||
| mylog.Println("from mylog") | ||
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| // 我们可以使用 `SetPrefix` 方法在现有的记录器（包括标准记录器）上设置前缀。 | ||
| mylog.SetPrefix("ohmy:") | ||
| mylog.Println("from mylog") | ||
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| // 日志记录器可以具有自定义的输出目标；任何 `io.Writer` 都可以使用。 | ||
| var buf bytes.Buffer | ||
| buflog := log.New(&buf, "buf:", log.LstdFlags) | ||
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| // 这个调用将日志输出写入到 `buf` 中. | ||
| buflog.Println("hello") | ||
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| // 这将实际上显示在标准输出上。 | ||
| fmt.Print("from buflog:", buf.String()) | ||
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| // `slog 包提供了 _结构化_ 的日志输出。例如，以 JSON 格式记录日志非常直接。 | ||
| jsonHandler := slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stderr, nil) | ||
| myslog := slog.New(jsonHandler) | ||
| myslog.Info("hi there") | ||
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| // 除了 `msg` 之外，`slog` 输出还可以包含任意数量的键值对。 | ||
| myslog.Info("hello again", "key", "val", "age", 25) | ||
| } | ||
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| 38a7ef451859bb4c163df938b3a9d0e5ac293bef | ||
| Qd0uCqBlYUn |
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| # 示例输出； | ||
| # 发出的日期和时间将取决于示例运行的时间。 | ||
| $ go run logging.go | ||
| 2023/08/22 10:45:16 standard logger | ||
| 2023/08/22 10:45:16.904141 with micro | ||
| 2023/08/22 10:45:16 logging.go:40: with file/line | ||
| my:2023/08/22 10:45:16 from mylog | ||
| ohmy:2023/08/22 10:45:16 from mylog | ||
| from buflog:buf:2023/08/22 10:45:16 hello | ||
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| # 这些被换行以便在网站上更清晰地呈现； | ||
| # 实际上它们是在单行上发出的。 | ||
| {"time":"2023-08-22T10:45:16.904166391-07:00", | ||
| "level":"INFO","msg":"hi there"} | ||
| {"time":"2023-08-22T10:45:16.904178985-07:00", | ||
| "level":"INFO","msg":"hello again", | ||
| "key":"val","age":25} |
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| <!DOCTYPE html> | ||
| <html> | ||
| <head> | ||
| <meta charset="utf-8"> | ||
| <title>Go by Example: Not Found</title> | ||
| <link rel=stylesheet href="site.css"> | ||
| </head> | ||
| <body> | ||
| <div id="intro"> | ||
| <h2><a href="./">Go by Example</a></h2> | ||
| <p>Sorry, we couldn't find that! Check out the <a href="./">home page</a>?</p> | ||
| {{ template "footer" }} | ||
| </div> | ||
| </body> | ||
| </html> |
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| {{define "footer"}} | ||
| <p class="footer"> | ||
| by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> and <a href="https://eli.thegreenplace.net">Eli Bendersky</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a> | ||
| </p> | ||
| {{end}} |
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| #!/usr/bin/env bash | ||
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| set -e | ||
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| #!/usr/bin/env bash | ||
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| TRAPPING=0 | ||
| trap "{ echo finishing; TRAPPING=1; }" SIGINT | ||
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