docker: update to Debian 12 (Bookworm) #526

Job	Run time
Check DockerHub secrets exist	1s
test (debos-arch)	1m 9s
test (debos-bookworm)	52s
test (debos-bullseye)	52s
test (debos-trixie)	1m 38s
Build Docker container	6m 39s
Run unit tests	2m 50s
recipes on nofakemachine	2m 14s
debian (amd64) on nofakemachine	2m 30s
debian (arm64) on nofakemachine	2m 35s
debian (armhf) on nofakemachine	4m 28s
recipes on qemu	3m 2s
debian (amd64) on qemu	8m 13s
debian (arm64) on qemu	47m 40s
debian (armhf) on qemu	36m 37s
recipes on uml	1m 33s
debian (amd64) on uml	4m 58s
debian (arm64) on uml	10m 42s
debian (armhf) on uml	25m 9s
arch on arch	15m 44s
partitioning on qemu	2m 6s
apertis on uml	7m 20s
partitioning on uml	1m 1s
Publish to DockerHub	4m 0s
Publish to GHCR	2m 25s
allgreen	3s
	3h 16m 21s

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