- 1. Why do you need Spring Cloud Kubernetes?
- 2. Starters
- 3. DiscoveryClient for Kubernetes
- 4. Kubernetes native service discovery
- 5. Kubernetes PropertySource implementations
- 6. Ribbon Discovery in Kubernetes
- 7. Kubernetes Ecosystem Awareness
- 8. Pod Health Indicator
- 9. Leader Election
- 10. Security Configurations Inside Kubernetes
- 11. Service Registry Implementation
- 12. Examples
- 13. Other Resources
- 14. Configuration properties
- 15. Building
- 16. Contributing
This reference guide covers how to use Spring Cloud Kubernetes.
Spring Cloud Kubernetes provide Spring Cloud common interface implementations that consume Kubernetes native services. The main objective of the projects provided in this repository is to facilitate the integration of Spring Cloud and Spring Boot applications running inside Kubernetes.
Starters are convenient dependency descriptors you can include in your application. Include a starter to get the dependencies and Spring Boot auto-configuration for a feature set.
| Starter | Features |
|---|---|
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes</artifactId>
</dependency> |
Discovery Client implementation that resolves service names to Kubernetes Services. |
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes-config</artifactId>
</dependency> |
Load application properties from Kubernetes ConfigMaps and Secrets. Reload application properties when a ConfigMap or Secret changes. |
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency> |
Ribbon client-side load balancer with server list obtained from Kubernetes Endpoints. |
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes-all</artifactId>
</dependency> |
All Spring Cloud Kubernetes features. |
This project provides an implementation of Discovery Client
for Kubernetes.
This client lets you query Kubernetes endpoints (see services) by name.
A service is typically exposed by the Kubernetes API server as a collection of endpoints that represent http and https addresses and that a client can
access from a Spring Boot application running as a pod. This discovery feature is also used by the Spring Cloud Kubernetes Ribbon project
to fetch the list of the endpoints defined for an application to be load balanced.
This is something that you get for free by adding the following dependency inside your project:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes</artifactId>
</dependency>To enable loading of the DiscoveryClient, add @EnableDiscoveryClient to the according configuration or application class, as the following example shows:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}Then you can inject the client in your code simply by autowiring it, as the following example shows:
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;You can choose to enable DiscoveryClient from all namespaces by setting the following property in application.properties:
spring.cloud.kubernetes.discovery.all-namespaces=trueIf, for any reason, you need to disable the DiscoveryClient, you can set the following property in application.properties:
spring.cloud.kubernetes.discovery.enabled=falseSome Spring Cloud components use the DiscoveryClient in order to obtain information about the local service instance. For
this to work, you need to align the Kubernetes service name with the spring.application.name property.
|
Note
|
spring.application.name has no effect as far as the name registered for the application within Kubernetes
|
Spring Cloud Kubernetes can also watch the Kubernetes service catalog for changes and update the
DiscoveryClient implementation accordingly. In order to enable this functionality you need to add
@EnableScheduling on a configuration class in your application.
Kubernetes itself is capable of (server side) service discovery (see: kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#discovering-services). Using native kubernetes service discovery ensures compatibility with additional tooling, such as Istio (istio.io), a service mesh that is capable of load balancing, ribbon, circuit breaker, failover, and much more.
The caller service then need only refer to names resolvable in a particular Kubernetes cluster. A simple implementation might use a spring RestTemplate that refers to a fully qualified domain name (FQDN), such as {service-name}.{namespace}.svc.{cluster}.local:{service-port}.
Additionally, you can use Hystrix for:
-
Circuit breaker implementation on the caller side, by annotating the spring boot application class with
@EnableCircuitBreaker -
Fallback functionality, by annotating the respective method with
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod=
The most common approach to configuring your Spring Boot application is to create an application.properties or application.yaml or
an application-profile.properties or application-profile.yaml file that contains key-value pairs that provide customization values to your
application or Spring Boot starters. You can override these properties by specifying system properties or environment
variables.
Kubernetes provides a resource named ConfigMap to externalize the
parameters to pass to your application in the form of key-value pairs or embedded application.properties or application.yaml files.
The Spring Cloud Kubernetes Config project makes Kubernetes ConfigMap instances available
during application bootstrapping and triggers hot reloading of beans or Spring context when changes are detected on
observed ConfigMap instances.
The default behavior is to create a ConfigMapPropertySource based on a Kubernetes ConfigMap that has a metadata.name value of either the name of
your Spring application (as defined by its spring.application.name property) or a custom name defined within the
bootstrap.properties file under the following key: spring.cloud.kubernetes.config.name.
However, more advanced configuration is possible where you can use multiple ConfigMap instances.
The spring.cloud.kubernetes.config.sources list makes this possible.
For example, you could define the following ConfigMap instances:
spring:
application:
name: cloud-k8s-app
cloud:
kubernetes:
config:
name: default-name
namespace: default-namespace
sources:
# Spring Cloud Kubernetes looks up a ConfigMap named c1 in namespace default-namespace
- name: c1
# Spring Cloud Kubernetes looks up a ConfigMap named default-name in whatever namespace n2
- namespace: n2
# Spring Cloud Kubernetes looks up a ConfigMap named c3 in namespace n3
- namespace: n3
name: c3In the preceding example, if spring.cloud.kubernetes.config.namespace had not been set,
the ConfigMap named c1 would be looked up in the namespace that the application runs.
Any matching ConfigMap that is found is processed as follows:
-
Apply individual configuration properties.
-
Apply as
yamlthe content of any property namedapplication.yaml. -
Apply as a properties file the content of any property named
application.properties.
The single exception to the aforementioned flow is when the ConfigMap contains a single key that indicates
the file is a YAML or properties file. In that case, the name of the key does NOT have to be application.yaml or
application.properties (it can be anything) and the value of the property is treated correctly.
This features facilitates the use case where the ConfigMap was created by using something like the following:
kubectl create configmap game-config --from-file=/path/to/app-config.yamlAssume that we have a Spring Boot application named demo that uses the following properties to read its thread pool
configuration.
-
pool.size.core -
pool.size.maximum
This can be externalized to config map in yaml format as follows:
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: demo
data:
pool.size.core: 1
pool.size.max: 16Individual properties work fine for most cases. However, sometimes, embedded yaml is more convenient. In this case, we
use a single property named application.yaml to embed our yaml, as follows:
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: demo
data:
application.yaml: |-
pool:
size:
core: 1
max:16The following example also works:
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: demo
data:
custom-name.yaml: |-
pool:
size:
core: 1
max:16You can also configure Spring Boot applications differently depending on active profiles that are merged together
when the ConfigMap is read. You can provide different property values for different profiles by using an
application.properties or application.yaml property, specifying profile-specific values, each in their own document
(indicated by the --- sequence), as follows:
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: demo
data:
application.yml: |-
greeting:
message: Say Hello to the World
farewell:
message: Say Goodbye
---
spring:
profiles: development
greeting:
message: Say Hello to the Developers
farewell:
message: Say Goodbye to the Developers
---
spring:
profiles: production
greeting:
message: Say Hello to the OpsIn the preceding case, the configuration loaded into your Spring Application with the development profile is as follows:
greeting:
message: Say Hello to the Developers
farewell:
message: Say Goodbye to the DevelopersHowever, if the production profile is active, the configuration becomes:
greeting:
message: Say Hello to the Ops
farewell:
message: Say GoodbyeIf both profiles are active, the property that appears last within the ConfigMap overwrites any preceding values.
Another option is to create a different config map per profile and spring boot will automatically fetch it based on active profiles
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: demo
data:
application.yml: |-
greeting:
message: Say Hello to the World
farewell:
message: Say Goodbyekind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: demo-development
data:
application.yml: |-
spring:
profiles: development
greeting:
message: Say Hello to the Developers
farewell:
message: Say Goodbye to the Developerskind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: demo-production
data:
application.yml: |-
spring:
profiles: production
greeting:
message: Say Hello to the Ops
farewell:
message: Say GoodbyeTo tell Spring Boot which profile should be enabled at bootstrap, you can pass SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE environment variable.
To do so, you can launch your Spring Boot application with an environment variable that you can define it in the PodSpec at the container specification.
Deployment resource file, as follows:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: deployment-name
labels:
app: deployment-name
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: deployment-name
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: deployment-name
spec:
containers:
- name: container-name
image: your-image
env:
- name: SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE
value: "development"|
Note
|
You should check the security configuration section. To access config maps from inside a pod you need to have the correct Kubernetes service accounts, roles and role bindings. |
Another option for using ConfigMap instances is to mount them into the Pod by running the Spring Cloud Kubernetes application
and having Spring Cloud Kubernetes read them from the file system.
This behavior is controlled by the spring.cloud.kubernetes.config.paths property. You can use it in
addition to or instead of the mechanism described earlier.
You can specify multiple (exact) file paths in spring.cloud.kubernetes.config.paths by using the , delimiter.
|
Note
|
You have to provide the full exact path to each property file, because directories are not being recursively parsed. |
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Enable ConfigMaps |
|
|
|
Sets the name of |
|
|
Client namespace |
Sets the Kubernetes namespace where to lookup |
|
|
|
Sets the paths where |
|
|
|
Enable or disable consuming |
Kubernetes has the notion of Secrets for storing
sensitive data such as passwords, OAuth tokens, and so on. This project provides integration with Secrets to make secrets
accessible by Spring Boot applications. You can explicitly enable or disable This feature by setting the spring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.enabled property.
When enabled, the SecretsPropertySource looks up Kubernetes for Secrets from the following sources:
-
Reading recursively from secrets mounts
-
Named after the application (as defined by
spring.application.name) -
Matching some labels
Note:
By default, consuming Secrets through the API (points 2 and 3 above) is not enabled for security reasons. The permission 'list' on secrets allows clients to inspect secrets values in the specified namespace. Further, we recommend that containers share secrets through mounted volumes.
If you enable consuming Secrets through the API, we recommend that you limit access to Secrets by using an authorization policy, such as RBAC. For more information about risks and best practices when consuming Secrets through the API refer to this doc.
If the secrets are found, their data is made available to the application.
Assume that we have a spring boot application named demo that uses properties to read its database
configuration. We can create a Kubernetes secret by using the following command:
kubectl create secret generic db-secret --from-literal=username=user --from-literal=password=p455w0rdThe preceding command would create the following secret (which you can see by using kubectl get secrets db-secret -o yaml):
apiVersion: v1
data:
password: cDQ1NXcwcmQ=
username: dXNlcg==
kind: Secret
metadata:
creationTimestamp: 2017-07-04T09:15:57Z
name: db-secret
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "357496"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/secrets/db-secret
uid: 63c89263-6099-11e7-b3da-76d6186905a8
type: OpaqueNote that the data contains Base64-encoded versions of the literal provided by the create command.
Your application can then use this secret — for example, by exporting the secret’s value as environment variables:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: ${project.artifactId}
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- env:
- name: DB_USERNAME
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: db-secret
key: username
- name: DB_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: db-secret
key: passwordYou can select the Secrets to consume in a number of ways:
-
By listing the directories where secrets are mapped:
-Dspring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.paths=/etc/secrets/db-secret,etc/secrets/postgresql
If you have all the secrets mapped to a common root, you can set them like:
-Dspring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.paths=/etc/secrets
-
By setting a named secret:
-Dspring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.name=db-secret
-
By defining a list of labels:
-Dspring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.labels.broker=activemq -Dspring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.labels.db=postgresql
As the case with ConfigMap, more advanced configuration is also possible where you can use multiple Secret
instances. The spring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.sources list makes this possible.
For example, you could define the following Secret instances:
spring:
application:
name: cloud-k8s-app
cloud:
kubernetes:
secrets:
name: default-name
namespace: default-namespace
sources:
# Spring Cloud Kubernetes looks up a Secret named s1 in namespace default-namespace
- name: s1
# Spring Cloud Kubernetes looks up a Secret named default-name in whatever namespace n2
- namespace: n2
# Spring Cloud Kubernetes looks up a Secret named s3 in namespace n3
- namespace: n3
name: s3In the preceding example, if spring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.namespace had not been set,
the Secret named s1 would be looked up in the namespace that the application runs.
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Enable Secrets |
|
|
|
Sets the name of the secret to look up |
|
|
Client namespace |
Sets the Kubernetes namespace where to look up |
|
|
|
Sets the labels used to lookup secrets |
|
|
|
Sets the paths where secrets are mounted (example 1) |
|
|
|
Enables or disables consuming secrets through APIs (examples 2 and 3) |
Notes:
-
The
spring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.labelsproperty behaves as defined by Map-based binding. -
The
spring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.pathsproperty behaves as defined by Collection-based binding. -
Access to secrets through the API may be restricted for security reasons. The preferred way is to mount secrets to the Pod.
You can find an example of an application that uses secrets (though it has not been updated to use the new spring-cloud-kubernetes project) at
spring-boot-camel-config
Some applications may need to detect changes on external property sources and update their internal status to reflect the new configuration.
The reload feature of Spring Cloud Kubernetes is able to trigger an application reload when a related ConfigMap or
Secret changes.
By default, this feature is disabled. You can enable it by using the spring.cloud.kubernetes.reload.enabled=true configuration property (for example, in the application.properties file).
The following levels of reload are supported (by setting the spring.cloud.kubernetes.reload.strategy property):
* refresh (default): Only configuration beans annotated with @ConfigurationProperties or @RefreshScope are reloaded.
This reload level leverages the refresh feature of Spring Cloud Context.
* restart_context: the whole Spring ApplicationContext is gracefully restarted. Beans are recreated with the new configuration.
* shutdown: the Spring ApplicationContext is shut down to activate a restart of the container.
When you use this level, make sure that the lifecycle of all non-daemon threads is bound to the ApplicationContext
and that a replication controller or replica set is configured to restart the pod.
Assuming that the reload feature is enabled with default settings (refresh mode), the following bean is refreshed when the config map changes:
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "bean")
public class MyConfig {
private String message = "a message that can be changed live";
// getter and setters
}
To see that changes effectively happen, you can create another bean that prints the message periodically, as follows
@Component
public class MyBean {
@Autowired
private MyConfig config;
@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 5000)
public void hello() {
System.out.println("The message is: " + config.getMessage());
}
}You can change the message printed by the application by using a ConfigMap, as follows:
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: reload-example
data:
application.properties: |-
bean.message=Hello World!Any change to the property named bean.message in the ConfigMap associated with the pod is reflected in the
output. More generally speaking, changes associated to properties prefixed with the value defined by the prefix
field of the @ConfigurationProperties annotation are detected and reflected in the application.
Associating a ConfigMap with a pod is explained earlier in this chapter.
The full example is available in spring-cloud-kubernetes-reload-example.
The reload feature supports two operating modes:
* Event (default): Watches for changes in config maps or secrets by using the Kubernetes API (web socket).
Any event produces a re-check on the configuration and, in case of changes, a reload.
The view role on the service account is required in order to listen for config map changes. A higher level role (such as edit) is required for secrets
(by default, secrets are not monitored).
* Polling: Periodically re-creates the configuration from config maps and secrets to see if it has changed.
You can configure the polling period by using the spring.cloud.kubernetes.reload.period property and defaults to 15 seconds.
It requires the same role as the monitored property source.
This means, for example, that using polling on file-mounted secret sources does not require particular privileges.
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Enables monitoring of property sources and configuration reload |
|
|
|
Allow monitoring changes in config maps |
|
|
|
Allow monitoring changes in secrets |
|
|
|
The strategy to use when firing a reload ( |
|
|
|
Specifies how to listen for changes in property sources ( |
|
|
|
The period for verifying changes when using the |
Notes:
* You should not use properties under spring.cloud.kubernetes.reload in config maps or secrets. Changing such properties at runtime may lead to unexpected results.
* Deleting a property or the whole config map does not restore the original state of the beans when you use the refresh level.
Spring Cloud client applications that call a microservice should be interested on relying on a client load-balancing
feature in order to automatically discover at which endpoint(s) it can reach a given service. This mechanism has been
implemented within the spring-cloud-kubernetes-ribbon project, where a
Kubernetes client populates a Ribbon ServerList that contains information
about such endpoints.
The implementation is part of the following starter that you can use by adding its dependency to your pom file:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>${latest.version}</version>
</dependency>When the list of the endpoints is populated, the Kubernetes client searches the registered endpoints that live in the current namespace or project by matching the service name defined in the Ribbon Client annotation, as follows:
@RibbonClient(name = "name-service")You can configure Ribbon’s behavior by providing properties in your application.properties (through your application’s
dedicated ConfigMap) by using the following format: <name of your service>.ribbon.<Ribbon configuration key>, where:
-
<name of your service>corresponds to the service name you access over Ribbon, as configured by using the@RibbonClientannotation (such asname-servicein the preceding example). -
<Ribbon configuration key>is one of the Ribbon configuration keys defined by Ribbon’sCommonClientConfigKeyclass.
Additionally, the spring-cloud-kubernetes-ribbon project defines two additional configuration keys to further
control how Ribbon interacts with Kubernetes. In particular, if an endpoint defines multiple ports, the default
behavior is to use the first one found. To select more specifically which port to use in a multi-port service, you can use
the PortName key. If you want to specify in which Kubernetes namespace the target service should be looked up, you can use
the KubernetesNamespace key, remembering in both instances to prefix these keys with your service name and
ribbon prefix, as specified earlier.
| Property Key | Type | Default Value |
|---|---|---|
spring.cloud.kubernetes.ribbon.enabled |
boolean |
true |
spring.cloud.kubernetes.ribbon.mode |
|
POD |
spring.cloud.kubernetes.ribbon.cluster-domain |
string |
cluster.local |
-
spring.cloud.kubernetes.ribbon.modesupportsPODandSERVICEmodes.-
The POD mode is to achieve load balancing by obtaining the Pod IP address of Kubernetes and using Ribbon. POD mode uses the load balancing of the Ribbon Does not support Kubernetes load balancing, The traffic policy of
Istiois not supported. -
the
SERVICEmode is directly based on theservice nameof the Ribbon. Get The Kubernetes service is concatenated intoservice-name.{namespace}.svc.{cluster.domain}:{port}such as:demo1.default.svc.cluster.local:8080. theSERVICEmode uses load balancing of the Kubernetes service to support Istio’s traffic policy.
-
-
spring.cloud.kubernetes.ribbon.cluster-domainSet the custom Kubernetes cluster domain suffix. The default value is: 'cluster.local'
The following examples use this module for ribbon discovery:
|
Note
|
You can disable the Ribbon discovery client by setting the spring.cloud.kubernetes.ribbon.enabled=false key within the application properties file.
|
All of the features described earlier in this guide work equally well, regardless of whether your application is running inside
Kubernetes. This is really helpful for development and troubleshooting.
From a development point of view, this lets you start your Spring Boot application and debug one
of the modules that is part of this project. You need not deploy it in Kubernetes,
as the code of the project relies on the
Fabric8 Kubernetes Java client, which is a fluent DSL that can
communicate by using http protocol to the REST API of the Kubernetes Server.
To disable the integration with Kubernetes you can set spring.cloud.kubernetes.enabled to false. Please be aware that when spring-cloud-kubernetes-config is on the classpath,
spring.cloud.kubernetes.enabled should be set in bootstrap.{properties|yml} (or the profile specific one) otherwise it should be in application.{properties|yml} (or the profile specific one).
Also note that these properties: spring.cloud.kubernetes.config.enabled and spring.cloud.kubernetes.secrets.enabled only take effect when set in bootstrap.{properties|yml}
When the application runs as a pod inside Kubernetes, a Spring profile named kubernetes automatically gets activated.
This lets you customize the configuration, to define beans that are applied when the Spring Boot application is deployed
within the Kubernetes platform (for example, different development and production configuration).
When you include the spring-cloud-kubernetes-istio module in the application classpath, a new profile is added to the application,
provided the application is running inside a Kubernetes Cluster with Istio installed. You can then use
spring @Profile("istio") annotations in your Beans and @Configuration classes.
The Istio awareness module uses me.snowdrop:istio-client to interact with Istio APIs, letting us discover traffic rules, circuit breakers, and so on,
making it easy for our Spring Boot applications to consume this data to dynamically configure themselves according to the environment.
Spring Boot uses HealthIndicator to expose info about the health of an application.
That makes it really useful for exposing health-related information to the user and makes it a good fit for use as readiness probes.
The Kubernetes health indicator (which is part of the core module) exposes the following info:
-
Pod name, IP address, namespace, service account, node name, and its IP address
-
A flag that indicates whether the Spring Boot application is internal or external to Kubernetes
Most of the components provided in this project need to know the namespace. For Kubernetes (1.3+), the namespace is made available to the pod as part of the service account secret and is automatically detected by the client. For earlier versions, it needs to be specified as an environment variable to the pod. A quick way to do this is as follows:
env:
- name: "KUBERNETES_NAMESPACE"
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: "metadata.namespace"For distributions of Kubernetes that support more fine-grained role-based access within the cluster, you need to make sure a pod that runs with spring-cloud-kubernetes has access to the Kubernetes API.
For any service accounts you assign to a deployment or pod, you need to make sure they have the correct roles.
Depending on the requirements, you’ll need get, list and watch permission on the following resources:
| Dependency | Resources |
|---|---|
spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes |
pods, services, endpoints |
spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes-config |
configmaps, secrets |
spring-cloud-starter-kubernetes-ribbon |
pods, services, endpoints |
For development purposes, you can add cluster-reader permissions to your default service account. On a production system you’ll likely want to provide more granular permissions.
The following Role and RoleBinding are an example for namespaced permissions for the default account:
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
namespace: YOUR-NAME-SPACE
name: namespace-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: ["", "extensions", "apps"]
resources: ["configmaps", "pods", "services", "endpoints", "secrets"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: namespace-reader-binding
namespace: YOUR-NAME-SPACE
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: default
apiGroup: ""
roleRef:
kind: Role
name: namespace-reader
apiGroup: ""In Kubernetes service registration is controlled by the platform, the application itself does not control
registration as it may do in other platforms. For this reason using spring.cloud.service-registry.auto-registration.enabled
or setting @EnableDiscoveryClient(autoRegister=false) will have no effect in Spring Cloud Kubernetes.
Spring Cloud Kubernetes tries to make it transparent for your applications to consume Kubernetes Native Services by following the Spring Cloud interfaces.
In your applications, you need to add the spring-cloud-kubernetes-discovery dependency to your classpath and remove any other dependency that contains a DiscoveryClient implementation (that is, a Eureka discovery client).
The same applies for PropertySourceLocator, where you need to add to the classpath the spring-cloud-kubernetes-config and remove any other dependency that contains a PropertySourceLocator implementation (that is, a configuration server client).
The following projects highlight the usage of these dependencies and demonstrate how you can use these libraries from any Spring Boot application:
-
Spring Cloud Kubernetes Examples: the ones located inside this repository.
-
Spring Cloud Kubernetes Full Example: Minions and Boss
-
Spring Cloud Kubernetes Full Example: SpringOne Platform Tickets Service
-
Spring Cloud Gateway with Spring Cloud Kubernetes Discovery and Config
-
Spring Boot Admin with Spring Cloud Kubernetes Discovery and Config
This section lists other resources, such as presentations (slides) and videos about Spring Cloud Kubernetes.
Please feel free to submit other resources through pull requests to this repository.
To see the list of all Sleuth related configuration properties please check the Appendix page.
To build the source you will need to install JDK 1.7.
Spring Cloud uses Maven for most build-related activities, and you should be able to get off the ground quite quickly by cloning the project you are interested in and typing
$ ./mvnw install
|
Note
|
You can also install Maven (>=3.3.3) yourself and run the mvn command
in place of ./mvnw in the examples below. If you do that you also
might need to add -P spring if your local Maven settings do not
contain repository declarations for spring pre-release artifacts.
|
|
Note
|
Be aware that you might need to increase the amount of memory
available to Maven by setting a MAVEN_OPTS environment variable with
a value like -Xmx512m -XX:MaxPermSize=128m. We try to cover this in
the .mvn configuration, so if you find you have to do it to make a
build succeed, please raise a ticket to get the settings added to
source control.
|
For hints on how to build the project look in .travis.yml if there
is one. There should be a "script" and maybe "install" command. Also
look at the "services" section to see if any services need to be
running locally (e.g. mongo or rabbit). Ignore the git-related bits
that you might find in "before_install" since they’re related to setting git
credentials and you already have those.
The projects that require middleware generally include a
docker-compose.yml, so consider using
Docker Compose to run the middeware servers
in Docker containers. See the README in the
scripts demo
repository for specific instructions about the common cases of mongo,
rabbit and redis.
|
Note
|
If all else fails, build with the command from .travis.yml (usually
./mvnw install).
|
The spring-cloud-build module has a "docs" profile, and if you switch
that on it will try to build asciidoc sources from
src/main/asciidoc. As part of that process it will look for a
README.adoc and process it by loading all the includes, but not
parsing or rendering it, just copying it to ${main.basedir}
(defaults to ${basedir}, i.e. the root of the project). If there are
any changes in the README it will then show up after a Maven build as
a modified file in the correct place. Just commit it and push the change.
If you don’t have an IDE preference we would recommend that you use Spring Tools Suite or Eclipse when working with the code. We use the m2eclipse eclipse plugin for maven support. Other IDEs and tools should also work without issue as long as they use Maven 3.3.3 or better.
We recommend the m2eclipse eclipse plugin when working with eclipse. If you don’t already have m2eclipse installed it is available from the "eclipse marketplace".
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Note
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Older versions of m2e do not support Maven 3.3, so once the
projects are imported into Eclipse you will also need to tell
m2eclipse to use the right profile for the projects. If you
see many different errors related to the POMs in the projects, check
that you have an up to date installation. If you can’t upgrade m2e,
add the "spring" profile to your settings.xml. Alternatively you can
copy the repository settings from the "spring" profile of the parent
pom into your settings.xml.
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Spring Cloud is released under the non-restrictive Apache 2.0 license, and follows a very standard Github development process, using Github tracker for issues and merging pull requests into master. If you want to contribute even something trivial please do not hesitate, but follow the guidelines below.
Before we accept a non-trivial patch or pull request we will need you to sign the Contributor License Agreement. Signing the contributor’s agreement does not grant anyone commit rights to the main repository, but it does mean that we can accept your contributions, and you will get an author credit if we do. Active contributors might be asked to join the core team, and given the ability to merge pull requests.
This project adheres to the Contributor Covenant code of conduct. By participating, you are expected to uphold this code. Please report unacceptable behavior to [email protected].
None of these is essential for a pull request, but they will all help. They can also be added after the original pull request but before a merge.
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Use the Spring Framework code format conventions. If you use Eclipse you can import formatter settings using the
eclipse-code-formatter.xmlfile from the Spring Cloud Build project. If using IntelliJ, you can use the Eclipse Code Formatter Plugin to import the same file. -
Make sure all new
.javafiles to have a simple Javadoc class comment with at least an@authortag identifying you, and preferably at least a paragraph on what the class is for. -
Add the ASF license header comment to all new
.javafiles (copy from existing files in the project) -
Add yourself as an
@authorto the .java files that you modify substantially (more than cosmetic changes). -
Add some Javadocs and, if you change the namespace, some XSD doc elements.
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A few unit tests would help a lot as well — someone has to do it.
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If no-one else is using your branch, please rebase it against the current master (or other target branch in the main project).
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When writing a commit message please follow these conventions, if you are fixing an existing issue please add
Fixes gh-XXXXat the end of the commit message (where XXXX is the issue number).
Spring Cloud Build comes with a set of checkstyle rules. You can find them in the spring-cloud-build-tools module. The most notable files under the module are:
└── src ├── checkstyle │ └── checkstyle-suppressions.xml (3) └── main └── resources ├── checkstyle-header.txt (2) └── checkstyle.xml (1)
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Default Checkstyle rules
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File header setup
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Default suppression rules
Checkstyle rules are disabled by default. To add checkstyle to your project just define the following properties and plugins.
<properties>
<maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnError>true</maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnError> (1)
<maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnViolation>true
</maven-checkstyle-plugin.failsOnViolation> (2)
<maven-checkstyle-plugin.includeTestSourceDirectory>true
</maven-checkstyle-plugin.includeTestSourceDirectory> (3)
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin> (4)
<groupId>io.spring.javaformat</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-javaformat-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin> (5)
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<reporting>
<plugins>
<plugin> (5)
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</reporting>
</build>
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Fails the build upon Checkstyle errors
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Fails the build upon Checkstyle violations
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Checkstyle analyzes also the test sources
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Add the Spring Java Format plugin that will reformat your code to pass most of the Checkstyle formatting rules
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Add checkstyle plugin to your build and reporting phases
If you need to suppress some rules (e.g. line length needs to be longer), then it’s enough for you to define a file under ${project.root}/src/checkstyle/checkstyle-suppressions.xml with your suppressions. Example:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE suppressions PUBLIC
"-//Puppy Crawl//DTD Suppressions 1.1//EN"
"https://www.puppycrawl.com/dtds/suppressions_1_1.dtd">
<suppressions>
<suppress files=".*ConfigServerApplication\.java" checks="HideUtilityClassConstructor"/>
<suppress files=".*ConfigClientWatch\.java" checks="LineLengthCheck"/>
</suppressions>
It’s advisable to copy the ${spring-cloud-build.rootFolder}/.editorconfig and ${spring-cloud-build.rootFolder}/.springformat to your project. That way, some default formatting rules will be applied. You can do so by running this script:
$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-build/master/.editorconfig -o .editorconfig
$ touch .springformatIn order to setup Intellij you should import our coding conventions, inspection profiles and set up the checkstyle plugin. The following files can be found in the Spring Cloud Build project.
└── src ├── checkstyle │ └── checkstyle-suppressions.xml (3) └── main └── resources ├── checkstyle-header.txt (2) ├── checkstyle.xml (1) └── intellij ├── Intellij_Project_Defaults.xml (4) └── Intellij_Spring_Boot_Java_Conventions.xml (5)
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Default Checkstyle rules
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File header setup
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Default suppression rules
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Project defaults for Intellij that apply most of Checkstyle rules
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Project style conventions for Intellij that apply most of Checkstyle rules
Go to File → Settings → Editor → Code style. There click on the icon next to the Scheme section. There, click on the Import Scheme value and pick the Intellij IDEA code style XML option. Import the spring-cloud-build-tools/src/main/resources/intellij/Intellij_Spring_Boot_Java_Conventions.xml file.
Go to File → Settings → Editor → Inspections. There click on the icon next to the Profile section. There, click on the Import Profile and import the spring-cloud-build-tools/src/main/resources/intellij/Intellij_Project_Defaults.xml file.
To have Intellij work with Checkstyle, you have to install the Checkstyle plugin. It’s advisable to also install the Assertions2Assertj to automatically convert the JUnit assertions
Go to File → Settings → Other settings → Checkstyle. There click on the + icon in the Configuration file section. There, you’ll have to define where the checkstyle rules should be picked from. In the image above, we’ve picked the rules from the cloned Spring Cloud Build repository. However, you can point to the Spring Cloud Build’s GitHub repository (e.g. for the checkstyle.xml : raw.githubusercontent.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-build/master/spring-cloud-build-tools/src/main/resources/checkstyle.xml). We need to provide the following variables:
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checkstyle.header.file- please point it to the Spring Cloud Build’s,spring-cloud-build-tools/src/main/resources/checkstyle-header.txtfile either in your cloned repo or via theraw.githubusercontent.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-build/master/spring-cloud-build-tools/src/main/resources/checkstyle-header.txtURL. -
checkstyle.suppressions.file- default suppressions. Please point it to the Spring Cloud Build’s,spring-cloud-build-tools/src/checkstyle/checkstyle-suppressions.xmlfile either in your cloned repo or via theraw.githubusercontent.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-build/master/spring-cloud-build-tools/src/checkstyle/checkstyle-suppressions.xmlURL. -
checkstyle.additional.suppressions.file- this variable corresponds to suppressions in your local project. E.g. you’re working onspring-cloud-contract. Then point to theproject-root/src/checkstyle/checkstyle-suppressions.xmlfolder. Example forspring-cloud-contractwould be:/home/username/spring-cloud-contract/src/checkstyle/checkstyle-suppressions.xml.
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Important
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Remember to set the Scan Scope to All sources since we apply checkstyle rules for production and test sources.
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