DataRaceBench is a benchmark suite designed to systematically and quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of data race detection tools. It includes a set of microbenchmarks with and without data races. Parallelism is represented by OpenMP directives. OpenMP is a popular parallel programming model for multi-threaded applications.
Note that some microbenchmarks use OpenMP 4.5 features. Those are: DRB094-doall2-ordered-orig-no.c DRB095-doall2-taskloop-orig-yes.c (requires gcc 7.x) DRB096-doall2-taskloop-collapse-orig-no.c (requires gcc 7.x) DRB100-task-reference-orig-no.cpp DRB112-linear-orig-no.c You need a recent OpenMP compiler (e.g. gcc 7.x or later) to compile them.
DataRaceBench also comes with an evaluation script (check-data-races.sh). The script can be used to evaluate the tools Helgrind, Archer, Thread Sanitizer, and Intel Inspector. In addition a parameterized test harness (scripts/test-harness.sh) is available which allows to provide a number of different parameters for the evaluation. The test harness is used by the evaluation script with some pre-defined values.
| P-Label | Meaning (microbenchmarks with data races) | P-Label | Meaning (microbenchmarks without data races) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Y1 | Unresolvable dependences | N1 | Embarrassingly parallel or single thread execution |
| Y2 | Missing data sharing clauses | N2 | Use of data sharing clauses |
| Y3 | Missing synchronization | N3 | Use of synchronization |
| Y4 | SIMD data races | N4 | Use of SIMD directives |
| Y5 | Accelerator data races | N5 | Use of accelerator directives |
| Y6 | Undefined behavior | N6 | Use of special language features |
| Y7 | Numerical kernel data races | N7 | Numerical kernels |
| Microbenchmark | P-Label | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| DRB001-antidep1-orig-yes.c | Y1 | Anti-dependence within a single loop | AutoPar |
| DRB002-antidep1-var-yes.c | Y1 | Anti-dependence within a single loop | AutoPar |
| DRB003-antidep2-orig-yes.c | Y1 | Anti-dependence within a two-level loop nest | AutoPar |
| DRB004-antidep2-var-yes.c | Y1 | Anti-dependence within a two-level loop nest | AutoPar |
| DRB005-indirectaccess1-orig-yes.c | Y7 | Indirect access with overlapped index array elements | LLNL App |
| DRB006-indirectaccess2-orig-yes.c | Y7 | Overlapping index array elements when 36 or more threads are used | LLNL App |
| DRB007-indirectaccess3-orig-yes.c | Y7 | Overlapping index array elements when 60 or more threads are used | LLNL App |
| DRB008-indirectaccess4-orig-yes.c | Y7 | Overlapping index array elements when 180 or more threads are used | LLNL App |
| DRB009-lastprivatemissing-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Data race due to a missing lastprivate() clause |
AutoPar |
| DRB010-lastprivatemissing-var-yes.c | Y2 | Data race due to a missing lastprivate() clause |
AutoPar |
| DRB011-minusminus-orig-yes.c | Y3 | Unprotected decrement operation -- |
AutoPar |
| DRB012-minusminus-var-yes.c | Y3 | Unprotected decrement operation -- |
AutoPar |
| DRB013-nowait-orig-yes.c | Y3 | Missing barrier due to a wrongfully used nowait | AutoPar |
| DRB014-outofbounds-orig-yes.c | Y6 | Out of bound access of the 2nd dimension of array | AutoPar |
| DRB015-outofbounds-var-yes.c | Y6 | Out of bound access of the 2nd dimension of array | AutoPar |
| DRB016-outputdep-orig-yes.c | Y1 | Output dependence and true dependence within a loop | AutoPar |
| DRB017-outputdep-var-yes.c | Y1 | Output dependence and true dependence within a loop | AutoPar |
| DRB018-plusplus-orig-yes.c | Y1 | increment operation ++ on array index variable |
AutoPar |
| DRB019-plusplus-var-yes.c | Y1 | increment operation ++ on array index variable |
AutoPar |
| DRB020-privatemissing-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Missing private() for a temp variable |
AutoPar |
| DRB021-privatemissing-var-yes.c | Y2 | Missing private() for a temp variable |
AutoPar |
| DRB022-reductionmissing-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Missing reduction() for a variable |
AutoPar |
| DRB023-reductionmissing-var-yes.c | Y2 | Missing reduction() for a variable |
AutoPar |
| DRB024-sections1-orig-yes.c | Y3 | Unprotected data writes in parallel sections | New |
| DRB025-simdtruedep-orig-yes.c | Y1,Y4 | SIMD instruction level data races | New |
| DRB026-simdtruedep-var-yes.c | Y1,Y4 | SIMD instruction level data races | New |
| DRB027-targetparallelfor-orig-yes.c | Y1,Y5 | Data races in loops offloaded to accelerators | New |
| DRB028-taskdependmissing-orig-yes.c | Y3 | Unprotected data writes in two tasks | New |
| DRB029-truedep1-orig-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence among multiple array elements within a single level loop | AutoPar |
| DRB030-truedep1-var-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence among multiple array elements within a single level loop | AutoPar |
| DRB031-truedepfirstdimension-(orig|var)-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence of first dimension for a 2-D array accesses | AutoPar |
| DRB032-truedepfirstdimension-(orig|var)-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence of first dimension for a 2-D array accesses | AutoPar |
| DRB033-truedeplinear-orig-yes.c | Y1 | Linear equation as array subscript | AutoPar |
| DRB034-truedeplinear-var-yes.c | Y1 | Linear equation as array subscript | AutoPar |
| DRB035-truedepscalar-orig-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence due to scalar | AutoPar |
| DRB036-truedepscalar-var-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence due to scalar | AutoPar |
| DRB037-truedepseconddimension-(orig|var)-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence on 2nd dimension of a 2-D array accesses | AutoPar |
| DRB038-truedepseconddimension-(orig|var)-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence on 2nd dimension of a 2-D array accesses | AutoPar |
| DRB039-truedepsingleelement-(orig|var)-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence due to a single array element | AutoPar |
| DRB040-truedepsingleelement-(orig|var)-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence due to a single array element | AutoPar |
| DRB073-doall2-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Missing private() for inner loop nest's loop index variable |
New |
| DRB074-flush-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Reduction using a shared variable, extracted from an official OpenMP example | New |
| DRB075-getthreadnum-orig-yes.c | Y1 | Work sharing within one branch of a if statement |
New |
| DRB080-func-arg-orig-yes.c | Y6 | Function arguments passed by reference, inheriting shared attribute | New |
| DRB082-declared-in-func-orig-yes.c | Y6 | A variable declared within a function called by a parallel region | New |
| DRB084-threadprivatemissing-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Missing threadprivate for a global var, not referenced within a construct | New |
| DRB086-static-data-member-orig-yes.cpp | Y2 | Missing threadprivate for a static member, not referenced within a construct | New |
| DRB087-static-data-member2-orig-yes.cpp | Y2 | Missing threadprivate for a static member, referenced within a construct | New |
| DRB088-dynamic-storage-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Data race for a dynamica storage variable, not referenced within a construct | New |
| DRB089-dynamic-storage2-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Data race for a dynamica storage variable, referenced within a construct | New |
| DRB090-static-local-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Data race for a locally declared static variable | New |
| DRB092-threadprivatemissing2-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Missing threadprivate for a variable referenced within a construct | New |
| DRB095-doall2-taskloop-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Missing protection for inner loop's loop variable | New |
| DRB106-taskwaitmissing-orig-yes.c | Y3 | Missing taskwait to ensure correct order of calculations | New |
| DRB109-orderedmissing-orig-yes.c | Y3 | Missing the ordered clause, causing data races | New |
| DRB111-linearmissing-orig-yes.c | Y2 | Missing linear for a shared variable, causing data races | New |
| DRB114-if-orig-yes.c | Y1 | True data dependence within a single level loop, with if() clause | New |
| DRB115-forsimd-orig-yes.c | Y1,Y4 | Both thread and instruction level data races due to omp loop simd | New |
| DRB116-target-teams-orig-yes.c | Y3 | Master threads of two teams do not have synchronization, causing data races | New |
| Microbenchmark | P-Label | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| DRB041-3mm-parallel-no.c | N2 | 3-step matrix-matrix multiplication, non-optimized version | Polyhedral |
| DRB042-3mm-tile-no.c | N2,N4 | 3-step matrix-matrix multiplication, with tiling and nested SIMD | Polyhedral |
| DRB043-adi-parallel-no.c | N2 | Alternating Direction Implicit solver, non-optimized version | Polyhedral |
| DRB044-adi-tile-no.c | N2,N4 | Alternating Direction Implicit solver, with tiling and nested SIMD | Polyhedral |
| DRB045-doall1-orig-no.c | N1 | Classic DOAll loop operating on a one dimensional array | AutoPar |
| DRB046-doall2-orig-no.c | N1 | Classic DOAll loop operating on a two dimensional array | AutoPar |
| DRB047-doallchar-orig-no.c | N1 | Classic DOALL loop operating on a character array | New |
| DRB048-firstprivate-orig-no.c | N2 | Example use of firstprivate | AutoPar |
| DRB049-fprintf-orig-no.c | N6 | Use of fprintf() |
New |
| DRB050-functionparameter-orig-no.c | N6 | Arrays passed as function parameters | LLNL App |
| DRB051-getthreadnum-orig-no.c | N2 | single thread execution using if (omp_get_thread_num()==0) |
New |
| DRB052-indirectaccesssharebase-orig-no.c | N7 | Indirect array accesses using index arrays without overlapping | LLNL App |
| DRB053-inneronly1-orig-no.c | N1 | Two-level nested loops, inner level is parallelizable. Anti dependence on outer level | AutoPar |
| DRB054-inneronly2-orig-no.c | N1 | Two-level nested loops, inner level is parallelizable. True dependence on outer level | AutoPar |
| DRB055-jacobi2d-parallel-no.c | N7 | Jacobi with array copying, no reduction, non-optimized version | Polyhedral |
| DRB056-jacobi2d-tile-no.c | N4,N7 | Jacobi with array copying, no reduction, with tiling and nested SIMD | Polyhedral |
| DRB057-jacobiinitialize-orig-no.c | N7 | The array initialization parallel loop in Jacobi | AutoPar |
| DRB058-jacobikernel-orig-no.c | N7 | Parallel Jacobi stencil computation kernel with array copying and reduction | AutoPar |
| DRB059-lastprivate-orig-no.c | N2 | Example use of lastprivate | AutoPar |
| DRB060-matrixmultiply-orig-no.c | N7 | Classic i-k-j order matrix multiplication using OpenMP | AutoPar |
| DRB061-matrixvector1-orig-no.c | N7 | Matrix-vector multiplication parallelized at the outer level loop | AutoPar |
| DRB062-matrixvector2-orig-no.c | N7 | Matrix-vector multiplication parallelized at the inner level loop with reduction | AutoPar |
| DRB063-outeronly1-orig-no.c | N2 | Two-level nested loops, outer level is parallelizable. Anti dependence on inner level | AutoPar |
| DRB064-outeronly2-orig-no.c | N2 | Two-level nested loops, outer level is parallelizable. True dependence on inner level | AutoPar |
| DRB065-pireduction-orig-no.c | N7 | PI calculation using reduction | AutoPar |
| DRB066-pointernoaliasing-orig-no.c | N6 | Pointers assigned by different malloc calls, without aliasing | LLNL App |
| DRB067-restrictpointer1-orig-no.c | N6 | C99 restrict pointers used for array initialization, no aliasing | LLNL App |
| DRB068-restrictpointer2-orig-no.c | N6 | C99 restrict pointers used for array computation, no aliasing | LLNL App |
| DRB069-sectionslock1-orig-no.c | N3 | OpenMP parallel sections with a lock to protect shared data writes | New |
| DRB070-simd1-orig-no.c | N1,N4 | OpenMP SIMD directive to indicate vectorization of a loop | New |
| DRB071-targetparallelfor-orig-no.c | N1,N5 | No data races in loops offloaded to accelerators | New |
| DRB072-taskdep1-orig-no.c | N3 | OpenMP task with depend clauses to avoid data races | New |
| DRB076-flush-orig-no.c | N2 | OpenMP private clause to avoid data races | New |
| DRB077-single-orig-no.c | N1 | OpenMP single directive to use only one thread for execution | New |
| DRB078-taskdep2-orig-no.c | N3 | OpenMP task depend clause to avoid data races | New |
| DRB079-taskdep3-orig-no.c | N3 | OpenMP task depend clause to avoid data races | New |
| DRB081-func-arg-orig-no.c | N6 | Function arguments passed by value, private | New |
| DRB083-declared-in-func-orig-no.c | N6 | A variable declared within a function called by a parallel region | New |
| DRB085-threadprivate-orig-no.c | N2 | Use threadprivate to protect a file scope variable, not referenced within a construct | New |
| DRB091-threadprivate2-orig-no.c | N2 | Use threadprivate to protect a file scope variable, referenced within a construct | New |
| DRB093-doall2-collapse-orig-no.c | N2 | Use collapse(n) to control the number of associated loops of omp for | New |
| DRB094-doall2-ordered-orig-no.c | N2 | Use ordered(n) to control the number of associated loops of omp for | New |
| DRB096-doall2-taskloop-collapse-orig-no.c | N2 | Use ordered(n) to control the number of associated loops of taskloop | New |
| DRB097-target-teams-distribute-orig-no.c | N2 | Predetermined attribute rule for loop variable associated with distribute | New |
| DRB098-simd2-orig-no.c | N1,N2 | OpenMP SIMD directive to indicate vectorization of two nested loops | New |
| DRB099-targetparallelfor2-orig-no.c | N1,N5 | Loops offloaded to accelerators: array sections derived from pointer | New |
| DRB100-task-reference-orig-no.cpp | N1 | OpenMP 4.5 feature: orphaned task generating construct using pass-by-reference | New |
| DRB101-task-value-orig-no.cpp | N1 | In a task generating construct, a variable without applicable rules is firstprivate | New |
| DRB102-copyprivate-orig-no.c | N2 | threadprivate+copyprivate, a variable without applicable rules is firstprivate | New |
| DRB103-master-orig-no.c | N1 | master directive to ensure only one thread will execute data accesses | New |
| DRB104-nowait-barrier-orig-no.c | N3 | Use barrier to ensure correct order of initialization and assignment phases | New |
| DRB105-taskwait-orig-no.c | N3 | Use taskwait to ensure correct order of tasks | New |
| DRB107-taskgroup-orig-no.c | N3 | Use taskgroup to ensure correct order of tasks | New |
| DRB108-atomic-orig-no.c | N3 | Use atomic to protect shared accesses to a variable | New |
| DRB110-ordered-orig-no.c | N3 | Proper use of the ordered clause to avoid data races | New |
| DRB112-linear-orig-no.c | N2 | Use linear to privatize a variable | New |
| DRB113-default-orig-no.c | N1 | default(none) to enforce explicitly listing variables in data-sharing clauses | New |
DataRaceBench was created by Chunhua Liao, Pei-Hung Lin, Joshua Asplund, Markus Schordan, and Ian Karlin.
DataRaceBench is released under a BSD license. For more details see the file LICENSE.txt. The microbenchmarks marked 'Polyhedral' in above table were generated as optimization variants of benchmarks from the PolyOpt benchmark suite. For those benchmarks see the license file LICENSE.OSU.txt.
LLNL-CODE-732144
If you are referring to DataRaceBench in a publication, please cite the following paper:
- Chunhua Liao, Pei-Hung Lin, Joshua Asplund, Markus Schordan, Ian Karlin. DataRaceBench: A Benchmark Suite for Systematic Evaluation of Data Race Detection Tools (best paper finalist). Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC 2017, pp. 11:1-11:14, ISBN 978-1-4503-5114-0, Denver, CO, USA, November 12-17, 2017.
If you use DataRaceBench v.1.2.0 or later, please additionally cite the following paper discussing coverage analysis and improvements of the benchmark suite:
- Chunhua Liao, Pei-Hung Lin, Markus Schordan and Ian Karlin, A Semantics-Driven Approach to Improving DataRaceBench's OpenMP Standard Coverage, IWOMP 2018: 14th International Workshop on OpenMP, Barcelona, Spain, September 26-28, 2018