Barista

The guy who serves a great Espresso

Barista makes developing UI test faster, easier and more predictable. Built on top of Espresso, it provides a simple and discoverable API, removing most of the boilerplate and verbosity of common Espresso tasks. You and your Android team will write tests with no effort.

• Download
• API Overview
  • Interactions
  • Assertions
  • Intents
  • Runtime Permissions
  • Useful test rules
    • Reseting app data
    • Dealing with Flaky tests
    • One rule to rule them all
• Magic that Barista does for you
• Contributing
• License

Download

Import Barista as a testing dependency:

androidTestImplementation('com.schibsted.spain:barista:3.1.0') {
  exclude group: 'com.android.support'
  exclude group: 'org.jetbrains.kotlin' // Only if you already use Kotlin in your project
}

You might need to include the Google Maven repository, required by Espresso 3:

repositories {
    google()
}

Barista already includes espresso-core and espresso-contrib. If you need any other Espresso package you can add them yourself.

API Overview

Barista’s Interactions API

Click widgets

clickOn(R.id.button);
clickOn(R.string.button_text);
clickOn("Next");
clickBack();

Long click widgets

longClickOn(R.id.button);
longClickOn(R.string.button_text);
longClickOn("Next");

Click menu items, with or without overflow

clickMenu(R.id.menu_item);

Writing into widgets

writeTo(R.id.edittext, "A great text");
writeToAutoComplete(R.id.autocomplete, "Another great text");
clearText(R.id.edittext)

Operate on ListViews and RecyclerViews indistinctly by position

clickListItem(R.id.list, 4);
clickListItemChild(R.id.list, 3, R.id.row_button);
scrollListToPosition(R.id.list, 4);
assertListItemCount(R.id.listId, 5)
assertListNotEmpty(R.id.listId)
assertDisplayedAtPosition(R.id.recycler, 0, "text");
assertDisplayedAtPosition(R.id.listId, 0, R.id.text_field, "text");
assertDisplayedAtPosition(R.id.recycler, 0, R.string.hello_world);
assertDisplayedAtPosition(R.id.listId, 0, R.id.text_field, R.string.hello_world);
assertCustomAssertionAtPosition(R.id.recycler, 0, customViewAssertion);

clickSpinnerItem(R.id.spinner, 1);

Select items on RadioButtons

clickRadioButtonItem(R.id.radiogroup, R.id.radio_item);
clickRadioButtonItem(R.id.radiogroup, "The radio text");
clickRadioButtonPosition(R.id.radiogroup, 42);

Pick data on pickers

setDateOnPicker(1986, 03, 23);
setTimeOnPicker(17, 2);

Interact with dialogs

clickDialogPositiveButton();
clickDialogNeutralButton();
clickDialogNegativeButton();

Scroll on scrolls and pagers

scrollTo(R.id.far_away_widget);
scrollTo(R.string.text);
scrollTo("A widget with this text");
swipeViewPagerForward();
swipeViewPagerBack();

Interact with the navigation drawer

openDrawer();
openDrawerWithGravity(Gravity.RIGHT);
closeDrawer();
closeDrawerWithGravity(Gravity.RIGHT);

Interact with SeekBars

setProgressTo(R.id.seek_bar, 5);
setProgressToMin(R.id.seek_bar);
setProgressToMax(R.id.seek_bar);

Pull to refresh in SwipeRefreshLayout

refresh(R.id.swipe_refresh);
refresh(); // Id is optional! We'll find it for you :D

Close or press ime actions on the Keyboard

closeKeyboard()
pressImeActionButton()

And another tricky feature, but try not to use it

sleep(2000);
sleep(2, SECONDS);

Barista’s Assertions API

Is this view displayed?

assertDisplayed("Hello world");
assertDisplayed(R.string.hello_world);
assertDisplayed(R.id.button);
assertDisplayed(R.id.button, "Hello world")
assertDisplayed(R.id.button, R.string.hello_world)
// you can also pass custom matchers
assertDisplayed(withTagValue(is("tagName")))

// ...or not?
assertNotDisplayed("Hello world");
assertNotDisplayed(R.string.hello_world);
assertNotDisplayed(R.id.button);
assertNotDisplayed(R.id.button, "Hello world")
assertNotDisplayed(R.id.button, R.string.hello_world)
// you can also pass custom matchers
assertNotDisplayed(withTagValue(is("tagName")))

Is this view enabled?

assertEnabled("Hello world");
assertEnabled(R.string.hello_world);
assertEnabled(R.id.button);

// ...or not?
assertDisabled("Hello world");
assertDisabled(R.string.hello_world);
assertDisabled(R.id.button);

Hope this view doesn't exist!

assertNotExist("Hello world");
assertNotExist(R.string.hello_world);
assertNotExist(R.id.button);

Is the expected checkbox checked?

assertChecked("Checked checkbox");
assertChecked(R.string.checked_checkbox);
assertChecked(R.id.checked_checkbox);

// ...and the other checkbox unchecked?
assertUnchecked("Unchecked checkbox");
assertUnchecked(R.string.unchecked_checkbox);
assertUnchecked(R.id.unchecked_checkbox);

Is this view clickable?

assertClickable("Hello world")
assertClickable(R.string.hello_world)
assertClickable(R.id.button)

// ...or not?
assertNotClickable("Hello world")
assertNotClickable(R.string.hello_world)
assertNotClickable(R.id.button)

Does this view have the focus?

assertFocused(R.id.focused_view)
assertFocused("Button")

// ...or not?
assertNotFocused(R.id.focused_view)
assertNotFocused("Button")

Is this ImageView showing a drawable?

assertHasAnyDrawable(R.id.image_view);
assertHasDrawable(R.id.image_view, R.drawable.ic_barista);

// ...or not?
assertHasNoDrawable(R.id.image_view);

Does this View have a background?

assertHasAnyBackground(R.id.view);
assertHasBackground(R.id.view, R.drawable.ic_barista);

// ...or not?
assertHasNoBackground(R.id.view);

What's the state of the Drawer?

assertDrawerIsOpen();
assertDrawerIsOpenWithGravity(Gravity.RIGHT);
assertDrawerIsClosed();
assertDrawerIsClosedWithGravity(Gravity.RIGHT);

Check TextInputLayout and EditText's hints

assertHint(R.id.edittext, R.string.hint);
assertHint(R.id.edittext, "Hint");

Check TextInputLayout and EditText's errors

assertError(R.id.edittext, R.string.error);
assertError(R.id.edittext, "Error message");

Check TextInputLayout's assistive helper text

assertAssistiveText(R.id.textinputlayout, R.string.helper_text);
assertAssistiveText(R.id.textinputlayout, "Helper text");

Check if text on screen contains given text

assertContains("text");
assertContains(R.string.text);
assertContains(R.id.textview, "text");
assertContains(R.id.textview, R.string.text);

// ...or not?
assertNotContains("text");
assertNotContains(R.string.text);
assertNotContains(R.id.textview, "text");
assertNotContains(R.id.textview, R.string.text);

Check text is given color

assertTextColorIs(R.id.someRedText, R.color.red);
assertTextColorIs(R.id.someColorListText, R.color.state_list);

// ...or not?
assertTextColorIsNot(R.id.someRedText, R.color.blue);
assertTextColorIsNot(R.id.someColorListText, R.color.another_state_list);

Check recyclerView item count against expected item count

assertRecyclerViewItemCount(R.id.recycler, 10);

And another tricky feature

assertThatBackButtonClosesTheApp();

Is this ImageView showing a drawable?

assertHasAnyDrawable(R.id.image_view);
assertHasDrawable(R.id.image_view, R.drawable.ic_barista);

// ...or not?
assertHasNoDrawable(R.id.image_view);

Is this ProgressBar/SeekBar progress?

assertProgress(R.id.seek_bar, 5)
assertProgressIsMin(R.id.seek_bar)
assertProgressIsMax(R.id.seek_bar)

Custom assertions

If you have a special case not covered by the given assertions API, we encourage you to assert these special cases with our custom assertions API. It's a convenient way to replace plain Matchers with complex assertions. With Barista, you can match any kind of view by knowing its type and passing its viewId, text, or a Matcher<View>. Once you matched it, you will be able to assert all its properties without adding any complex Matcher to your project.

// Matching a Button by text
assertAny<Button>("Save") {
    it.enabled == true
}

// Matching a RadioGroup by id
assertAny<RadioGroup>(R.id.radioGroup) {
    it.checkedRadioButtonId == R.id.option1
}

// Matching a Progressbar by a Matcher
assertAny<Progressbar>(withId(R.id.progressBar)) {
    it.progress == 42
}

// You can also define the assertion description that will be shown if the assertion fails
assertAny<RadioGroup>(R.id.radioGroup, "selected option is the second one") {
    it.checkedRadioButtonId == R.id.option1
}

Barista’s Intents API

// Creates a Bitmap on a camera provided URI
mockAndroidCamera();

Runtime Permissions

The new Marshmallow permissions system requires checking for permissions at runtime. As Espresso can't interact with the system dialog, Barista offers a way to allow permissions when needed.

PermissionGranter.allowPermissionsIfNeeded(Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS);

Useful test rules

Barista includes a set of useful test rules to help you:

Reseting app data

As tests should be isolated, they need to set the environment before running. Espresso doesn't help achieving it but Barista offers a set of rules to clear the app's data before running each test.

// Clear all app's SharedPreferences
@Rule public ClearPreferencesRule clearPreferencesRule = new ClearPreferencesRule();

// Delete all tables from all the app's SQLite Databases
@Rule public ClearDatabaseRule clearDatabaseRule = new ClearDatabaseRule();

// Delete all files in getFilesDir() and getCacheDir()
@Rule public ClearFilesRule clearFilesRule = new ClearFilesRule();

Dealing with Flaky tests

We should try to write deterministic tests, but when everything else fails Barista helps you deal with flaky tests using a specific ActivityTestRule and a couple of annotations that repeat your tests multiple times.

// Use a RuleChain to wrap your ActivityTestRule with a FlakyTestRule
private ActivityTestRule<FlakyActivity> activityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(FlakyActivity.class);
private FlakyTestRule flakyRule = new FlakyTestRule();

@Rule
public RuleChain chain = RuleChain.outerRule(flakyRule)
    .around(activityRule);


// Use @AllowFlaky to let flaky tests pass if they pass any time.
@Test
@AllowFlaky(attempts = 5)
public void some_flaky_test() throws Exception {
  // ...
}

// Use @Repeat to avoid flaky tests from passing if any repetition fails.
@Test
@Repeat(times = 5)
public void some_important_test() throws Exception {
  // ...
}

One rule to rule them all

All previous rules can be added at the same time by just adding the BaristaRule.

@Rule
public BaristaRule<MyActivity> baristaRule = BaristaRule.create(MyActivity.class);

//...

baristaRule.launchActivity();

The rule assumes some sane defaults:

• Retry flaky tests: 10 attempts
• Launch activity automatically: false
• Initial touch mode enabled: true
• Clear preferences
• Clear databases
• Clear files

Writing tests in Kotlin?

Check this link to know how to use @Rule in Kotlin.

Magic that Barista does for you

In order to speed up testing, Barista keeps in mind some considerations.

• Scrolls when needed: Interacting with Espresso in a ScrollView requires you to scroll to each view, which sometimes doesn't work the first time. Also trying to scroll outside a ScrollView produces an Exception, forcing you to change the test depending on the layout. To keep tests simpler, Barista scrolls automatically before interacting with any View, and only does it if needed.
• Scrolls on all views: Barista scrolls on all scrollable views, including NestedScrollView. Espresso only handles ScrollView and HorizontalScrollView, so people need to open questions on StackOverflow like this. Or... just use Barista.
• Just interacts with displayed Views: Interacting with Views inside a ViewPager throws AmbiguousViewMatcherException, because the views you interact with will be potentially repeated on different pages. Barista only interacts with displayed widgets, so you can focus on the behavior instead of wasting time on details.

Contributing

We welcome contributions! If you found a bug or have a feature request, feel free to open an issue to discuss it. Remember that bugs reported with a reproducible test are more likely to be investigated and fixed. You can also submit a Pull Request.

Formatting

We use our company's IntelliJ code style for the project, which is very similar to the official Kotlin Android code style. When submitting code please make sure you use the proper format. You can install the code style into Android Studio by running the script in ./config/androidstudio/install-codestyle.sh. Then restart Android Studio and pick the "BaristaAndroid" schema in preferences.

License

Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License")