TimeSformer

This is an official pytorch implementation of our ICML 2021 paper Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?. In this repository, we provide PyTorch code for training and testing our proposed TimeSformer model. TimeSformer provides an efficient video classification framework that achieves state-of-the-art results on several video action recognition benchmarks such as Kinetics-400.

If you find TimeSformer useful in your research, please use the following BibTeX entry for citation.

@inproceedings{gberta_2021_ICML,
    author  = {Gedas Bertasius and Heng Wang and Lorenzo Torresani},
    title = {Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?},
    booktitle   = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)}, 
    month = {July},
    year = {2021}
}

Model Zoo

We provide TimeSformer models pretrained on Kinetics-400 (K400), Kinetics-600 (K600), Something-Something-V2 (SSv2), and HowTo100M datasets.

name	dataset	# of frames	spatial crop	acc@1	acc@5	url
TimeSformer	K400	8	224	77.9	93.2	model
TimeSformer-HR	K400	16	448	79.6	94.0	model
TimeSformer-L	K400	96	224	80.6	94.7	model

name	dataset	# of frames	spatial crop	acc@1	acc@5	url
TimeSformer	K600	8	224	79.1	94.4	model
TimeSformer-HR	K600	16	448	81.8	95.8	model
TimeSformer-L	K600	96	224	82.2	95.6	model

name	dataset	# of frames	spatial crop	acc@1	acc@5	url
TimeSformer	SSv2	8	224	59.1	85.6	model
TimeSformer-HR	SSv2	16	448	61.8	86.9	model
TimeSformer-L	SSv2	64	224	62.0	87.5	model

name	dataset	# of frames	spatial crop	single clip coverage	acc@1	url
TimeSformer	HowTo100M	8	224	8.5s	56.8	model
TimeSformer	HowTo100M	32	224	34.1s	61.2	model
TimeSformer	HowTo100M	64	448	68.3s	62.2	model
TimeSformer	HowTo100M	96	224	102.4s	62.6	model

We note that these models were re-trained using a slightly different implementation than the one used in the paper. Therefore, there might be a small difference in performance compared to the results reported in the paper.

You can load the pretrained models as follows:

import torch
from timesformer.models.vit import TimeSformer

model = TimeSformer(img_size=224, num_classes=400, num_frames=8, attention_type='divided_space_time',  pretrained_model='/path/to/pretrained/model.pyth')

dummy_video = torch.randn(2, 3, 8, 224, 224) # (batch x channels x frames x height x width)

pred = model(dummy_video,) # (2, 400)

Installation

First, create a conda virtual environment and activate it:

conda create -n timesformer python=3.7 -y
source activate timesformer

Then, install the following packages:

• torchvision: pip install torchvision or conda install torchvision -c pytorch
• fvcore: pip install 'git+https://github.com/facebookresearch/fvcore'
• simplejson: pip install simplejson
• einops: pip install einops
• timm: pip install timm
• PyAV: conda install av -c conda-forge
• psutil: pip install psutil
• scikit-learn: pip install scikit-learn
• OpenCV: pip install opencv-python
• tensorboard: pip install tensorboard

Lastly, build the TimeSformer codebase by running:

git clone https://github.com/facebookresearch/TimeSformer
cd TimeSformer
python setup.py build develop

Usage

Dataset Preparation

Please use the dataset preparation instructions provided in DATASET.md.

Training the Default TimeSformer

Training the default TimeSformer that uses divided space-time attention, and operates on 8-frame clips cropped at 224x224 spatial resolution, can be done using the following command:

python tools/run_net.py \
  --cfg configs/Kinetics/TimeSformer_divST_8x32_224.yaml \
  DATA.PATH_TO_DATA_DIR path_to_your_dataset \
  NUM_GPUS 8 \
  TRAIN.BATCH_SIZE 8 \

You may need to pass location of your dataset in the command line by adding DATA.PATH_TO_DATA_DIR path_to_your_dataset, or you can simply add

DATA:
  PATH_TO_DATA_DIR: path_to_your_dataset

To the yaml configs file, then you do not need to pass it to the command line every time.

Using a Different Number of GPUs

If you want to use a smaller number of GPUs, you need to modify .yaml configuration files in configs/. Specifically, you need to modify the NUM_GPUS, TRAIN.BATCH_SIZE, TEST.BATCH_SIZE, DATA_LOADER.NUM_WORKERS entries in each configuration file. The BATCH_SIZE entry should be the same or higher as the NUM_GPUS entry. In configs/Kinetics/TimeSformer_divST_8x32_224_4gpus.yaml, we provide a sample configuration file for a 4 GPU setup.

Using Different Self-Attention Schemes

If you want to experiment with different space-time self-attention schemes, e.g., space-only or joint space-time attention, use the following commands:

python tools/run_net.py \
  --cfg configs/Kinetics/TimeSformer_spaceOnly_8x32_224.yaml \
  DATA.PATH_TO_DATA_DIR path_to_your_dataset \
  NUM_GPUS 8 \
  TRAIN.BATCH_SIZE 8 \

and

python tools/run_net.py \
  --cfg configs/Kinetics/TimeSformer_jointST_8x32_224.yaml \
  DATA.PATH_TO_DATA_DIR path_to_your_dataset \
  NUM_GPUS 8 \
  TRAIN.BATCH_SIZE 8 \

Training Different TimeSformer Variants

If you want to train more powerful TimeSformer variants, e.g., TimeSformer-HR (operating on 16-frame clips sampled at 448x448 spatial resolution), and TimeSformer-L (operating on 96-frame clips sampled at 224x224 spatial resolution), use the following commands:

python tools/run_net.py \
  --cfg configs/Kinetics/TimeSformer_divST_16x16_448.yaml \
  DATA.PATH_TO_DATA_DIR path_to_your_dataset \
  NUM_GPUS 8 \
  TRAIN.BATCH_SIZE 8 \

and

python tools/run_net.py \
  --cfg configs/Kinetics/TimeSformer_divST_96x4_224.yaml \
  DATA.PATH_TO_DATA_DIR path_to_your_dataset \
  NUM_GPUS 8 \
  TRAIN.BATCH_SIZE 8 \

Note that for these models you will need a set of GPUs with ~32GB of memory.

Inference

Use TRAIN.ENABLE and TEST.ENABLE to control whether training or testing is required for a given run. When testing, you also have to provide the path to the checkpoint model via TEST.CHECKPOINT_FILE_PATH.

python tools/run_net.py \
  --cfg configs/Kinetics/TimeSformer_divST_8x32_224_TEST.yaml \
  DATA.PATH_TO_DATA_DIR path_to_your_dataset \
  TEST.CHECKPOINT_FILE_PATH path_to_your_checkpoint \
  TRAIN.ENABLE False \

Single-Node Training via Slurm

To train TimeSformer via Slurm, please check out our single node Slurm training script slurm_scripts/run_single_node_job.sh.

Multi-Node Training via Submitit

Distributed training is available via Slurm and submitit

pip install submitit

To train TimeSformer model on Kinetics using 4 nodes with 8 gpus each use the following command:

python tools/submit.py --cfg configs/Kinetics/TimeSformer_divST_8x32_224.yaml --job_dir  /your/job/dir/${JOB_NAME}/ --num_shards 4 --name ${JOB_NAME} --use_volta32

We provide a script for launching slurm jobs in slurm_scripts/run_multi_node_job.sh.

Finetuning

To finetune from an existing PyTorch checkpoint add the following line in the command line, or you can also add it in the YAML config:

TRAIN.CHECKPOINT_FILE_PATH path_to_your_PyTorch_checkpoint
TRAIN.FINETUNE True

HowTo100M Dataset Split

If you want to experiment with the long-term video modeling task on HowTo100M, please download the train/test split files from here.

Environment

The code was developed using python 3.7 on Ubuntu 20.04. For training, we used four GPU compute nodes each node containing 8 Tesla V100 GPUs (32 GPUs in total). Other platforms or GPU cards have not been fully tested.

License

The majority of this work is licensed under CC-NC 4.0 International license. However portions of the project are available under separate license terms: SlowFast and pytorch-image-models are licensed under the Apache 2.0 license.

Contributing

We actively welcome your pull requests. Please see CONTRIBUTING.md and CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md for more info.

Acknowledgements

TimeSformer is built on top of PySlowFast and pytorch-image-models by Ross Wightman. We thank the authors for releasing their code. If you use our model, please consider citing these works as well:

@misc{fan2020pyslowfast,
  author =       {Haoqi Fan and Yanghao Li and Bo Xiong and Wan-Yen Lo and
                  Christoph Feichtenhofer},
  title =        {PySlowFast},
  howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/facebookresearch/slowfast}},
  year =         {2020}
}

@misc{rw2019timm,
  author = {Ross Wightman},
  title = {PyTorch Image Models},
  year = {2019},
  publisher = {GitHub},
  journal = {GitHub repository},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4414861},
  howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models}}
}