Set up your own IPsec VPN server in just a few minutes, with both IPsec/L2TP and Cisco IPsec on Ubuntu, Debian and CentOS. All you need to do is provide your own VPN credentials, and let the scripts handle the rest.
An IPsec VPN encrypts your network traffic, so that nobody between you and the VPN server can eavesdrop on your data as it travels via the Internet. This is especially useful when using unsecured networks, e.g. at coffee shops, airports or hotel rooms.
We will use Libreswan as the IPsec server, and xl2tpd as the L2TP provider.
» Related tutorial: IPsec VPN Server Auto Setup with Libreswan
Read this in other languages: English, 简体中文.
- Features
- Requirements
- Installation
- Next steps
- Important notes
- Upgrade Libreswan
- Bugs & Questions
- Uninstallation
- See also
- Author
- License
- New: The faster
IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec")mode is supported - New: A pre-built Docker image of the VPN server is now available
- Fully automated IPsec VPN server setup, no user input needed
- Encapsulates all VPN traffic in UDP - does not need ESP protocol
- Can be directly used as "user-data" for a new Amazon EC2 instance
- Automatically determines public IP and private IP of server
- Includes
sysctl.confoptimizations for improved performance - Tested with Ubuntu 16.04/14.04/12.04, Debian 8 and CentOS 7/6
A newly created Amazon EC2 instance, using one of these AMIs:
- Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial), 14.04 (Trusty) or 12.04 (Precise)
- Debian 8 (Jessie) EC2 Images
- CentOS 7 (x86_64) with Updates
- CentOS 6 (x86_64) with Updates
Please refer to detailed instructions and EC2 pricing.
-OR-
A dedicated server or Virtual Private Server (VPS), freshly installed with one of the above OS. In addition, Debian 7 (Wheezy) can be used with this workaround. OpenVZ VPS is NOT supported, users could instead try OpenVPN.
This also includes Linux VMs in public clouds, e.g. Google Compute Engine, Amazon Lightsail, Microsoft Azure, IBM SoftLayer, VMware vCloud Air, Rackspace, DigitalOcean, Vultr and Linode.
» I want to run my own VPN but don't have a server for that
First, update your system with apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade and reboot. This is optional, but recommended.
To install the VPN, please choose one of the following options:
Option 1: Have the script generate random VPN credentials for you (will be displayed when finished):
wget https://git.io/vpnsetup -O vpnsetup.sh && sudo sh vpnsetup.shOption 2: Edit the script and provide your own VPN credentials:
wget https://git.io/vpnsetup -O vpnsetup.sh
nano -w vpnsetup.sh
[Replace with your own values: YOUR_IPSEC_PSK, YOUR_USERNAME and YOUR_PASSWORD]
sudo sh vpnsetup.shOption 3: Define your VPN credentials as environment variables:
# All values MUST be placed inside 'single quotes'
# DO NOT use these characters within values: \ " '
wget https://git.io/vpnsetup -O vpnsetup.sh && sudo \
VPN_IPSEC_PSK='your_ipsec_pre_shared_key' \
VPN_USER='your_vpn_username' \
VPN_PASSWORD='your_vpn_password' sh vpnsetup.shDigitalOcean users may refer to this step-by-step guide by Tony Tran.
Note: If unable to download via wget, you may also open vpnsetup.sh (or vpnsetup_centos.sh) and click the Raw button. Press Ctrl-A to select all, Ctrl-C to copy, then paste into your favorite editor.
First, update your system with yum update and reboot. This is optional, but recommended.
Follow the same steps as above, but replace https://git.io/vpnsetup with https://git.io/vpnsetup-centos.
Get your computer or device to use the VPN. Please refer to:
Configure IPsec/L2TP VPN Clients
Configure IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec") VPN Clients
How-To: IKEv2 VPN for Windows 7 and newer
If you get an error when trying to connect, see Troubleshooting.
Enjoy your very own VPN! ✨🎉🚀✨
Read this in other languages: English, 简体中文.
Windows and Android users: If you get an error when trying to connect, see Troubleshooting.
The same VPN account can be used by your multiple devices. However, due to an IPsec limitation, only one device behind the same NAT (e.g. home router) can connect to the VPN server at a time. This applies even if you create multiple users.
If you wish to add, edit or remove VPN user accounts, see Manage VPN Users.
For servers with an external firewall (e.g. EC2/GCE), open UDP ports 500 & 4500, and TCP port 22 (for SSH).
Clients are set to use Google Public DNS when the VPN is active. If another DNS provider is preferred, replace 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 in both /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd and /etc/ipsec.conf. Then reboot your server.
To modify the IPTables rules after install, edit /etc/iptables.rules and/or /etc/iptables/rules.v4 (Ubuntu/Debian), or /etc/sysconfig/iptables (CentOS). Then reboot your server.
When connecting via IPsec/L2TP, the VPN server has IP 192.168.42.1 within the VPN subnet 192.168.42.0/24.
The scripts will backup existing config files before making changes, with .old-date-time suffix.
The additional scripts vpnupgrade.sh and vpnupgrade_centos.sh can be used to upgrade Libreswan (website | mailing list). Edit the swan_ver variable as necessary. Check installed version: ipsec --version.
# Ubuntu & Debian
wget https://git.io/vpnupgrade -O vpnupgrade.sh
# CentOS & RHEL
wget https://git.io/vpnupgrade-centos -O vpnupgrade.sh- Got a question? Please first search other people's comments in this Gist and on my blog.
- Ask VPN related questions on these mailing lists: [1] [2], or read related articles: [1] [2] [3] [4].
- If you found a reproducible bug, open a GitHub Issue to submit a bug report.
Please refer to Uninstall the VPN.
- IPsec VPN Server on Docker
- IKEv2 VPN Server on Docker
- Streisand
- SoftEther VPN
- Shadowsocks / ShadowsocksR
- OpenVPN Install
- Setup strongSwan
Lin Song ([email protected])
- Final year U.S. PhD candidate, majoring in Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE)
- Actively seeking opportunities in areas such as Software or Systems Engineering
- Contact me on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/linsongui
Thanks to all contributors to this project!
Copyright (C) 2014-2016 Lin Song
Based on the work of Thomas Sarlandie (Copyright 2012)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
Attribution required: please include my name in any derivative and let me know how you have improved it!