redshift_connector is the Amazon Redshift connector for
Python. Easy integration with pandas and numpy, as well as support for numerous Amazon Redshift specific features help you get the most out of your data
Supported Amazon Redshift features include:
- IAM authentication
- Identity provider (IdP) authentication
- Redshift specific data types
This pure Python connector implements Python Database API Specification 2.0.
| Package Manager | Downloads | Installation Command |
|---|---|---|
| PyPi | pip install redshift_connector |
|
| Conda | 
|
conda install -c conda-forge redshift_connector |
You may install from source by cloning this repository.
$ git clone https://github.com/aws/amazon-redshift-python-driver.git
$ cd redshift_connector
$ pip install .- 001 - Connecting to Amazon Redshift
- 002 - Data Science Library Integrations
- 003 - Amazon Redshift Feature Support
- 004 - Amazon Redshift Datatypes
We are working to add more documentation and would love your feedback. Please reach out to the team by opening an issue or starting a discussion to help us fill in the gaps in our documentation.
redshift_connector integrates with various open source projects to provide an interface to Amazon Redshift. Please open an issue with our project to request new integrations or get support for a redshift_connector issue seen in an existing integration.
import redshift_connector
# Connects to Redshift cluster using AWS credentials
conn = redshift_connector.connect(
host='examplecluster.abc123xyz789.us-west-1.redshift.amazonaws.com',
database='dev',
user='awsuser',
password='my_password'
)
cursor: redshift_connector.Cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("create Temp table book(bookname varchar,author varchar)")
cursor.executemany("insert into book (bookname, author) values (%s, %s)",
[
('One Hundred Years of Solitude', 'Gabriel García Márquez'),
('A Brief History of Time', 'Stephen Hawking')
]
)
cursor.execute("select * from book")
result: tuple = cursor.fetchall()
print(result)
>> (['One Hundred Years of Solitude', 'Gabriel García Márquez'], ['A Brief History of Time', 'Stephen Hawking'])Following the DB-API specification, autocommit is off by default. It can be turned on by using the autocommit property of the connection.
# Make sure we're not in a transaction
con.rollback()
con.autocommit = True
con.run("VACUUM")
con.autocommit = FalseThe paramstyle for a cursor can be modified via cursor.paramstyle. The default paramstyle used is format. Valid values for paramstyle include qmark, numeric, named, format, pyformat.
# qmark
redshift_connector.paramstyle = 'qmark'
sql = 'insert into foo(bar, jar) VALUES(?, ?)'
cursor.execute(sql, (1, "hello world"))
# numeric
redshift_connector.paramstyle = 'numeric'
sql = 'insert into foo(bar, jar) VALUES(:1, :2)'
cursor.execute(sql, (1, "hello world"))
# named
redshift_connector.paramstyle = 'named'
sql = 'insert into foo(bar, jar) VALUES(:p1, :p2)'
cursor.execute(sql, {"p1":1, "p2":"hello world"})
# format
redshift_connector.paramstyle = 'format'
sql = 'insert into foo(bar, jar) VALUES(%s, %s)'
cursor.execute(sql, (1, "hello world"))
# pyformat
redshift_connector.paramstyle = 'pyformat'
sql = 'insert into foo(bar, jar) VALUES(%(bar)s, %(jar)s)'
cursor.execute(sql, {"bar": 1, "jar": "hello world"})redshift_connector uses the guideline for exception handling specified in the Python DB-API. For exception definitions, please see redshift_connector/error.py
IAM Credentials can be supplied directly to connect(...) using an AWS profile as shown below:
import redshift_connector
# Connects to Redshift cluster using IAM credentials from default profile defined in ~/.aws/credentials
conn = redshift_connector.connect(
iam=True,
database='dev',
db_user='awsuser',
password='',
user='',
cluster_identifier='examplecluster',
profile='default'
)# ~/.aws/credentials
[default]
aws_access_key_id="my_aws_access_key_id"
aws_secret_access_key="my_aws_secret_access_key"
aws_session_token="my_aws_session_token"
# ~/.aws/config
[default]
region=us-west-2If a region is not provided in ~/.aws/config or you would like to override its value, region may be passed to connect(...).
Alternatively, IAM credentials can be supplied directly to connect(...) using AWS credentials as shown below:
import redshift_connector
# Connects to Redshift cluster using IAM credentials from default profile defined in ~/.aws/credentials
conn = redshift_connector.connect(
iam=True,
database='dev',
db_user='awsuser',
password='',
user='',
cluster_identifier='examplecluster',
access_key_id="my_aws_access_key_id",
secret_access_key="my_aws_secret_access_key",
session_token="my_aws_session_token",
region="us-east-2"
)Retrieving query results as a pandas.DataFrame
import pandas
cursor.execute("create Temp table book(bookname varchar,author varchar)")
cursor.executemany("insert into book (bookname, author) values (%s, %s)",
[
('One Hundred Years of Solitude', 'Gabriel García Márquez'),
('A Brief History of Time', 'Stephen Hawking')
])
cursor.execute("select * from book")
result: pandas.DataFrame = cursor.fetch_dataframe()
print(result)
>> bookname author
>> 0 One Hundred Years of Solitude Gabriel García Márquez
>> 1 A Brief History of Time Stephen HawkingInsert data stored in a pandas.DataFrame into an Amazon Redshift table
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(
np.array(
[
["One Hundred Years of Solitude", "Gabriel García Márquez"],
["A Brief History of Time", "Stephen Hawking"],
]
),
columns=["bookname", "author"],
)
with con.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.write_dataframe(df, "book")
cursor.execute("select * from book; ")
result = cursor.fetchall()import numpy
cursor.execute("select * from book")
result: numpy.ndarray = cursor.fetch_numpy_array()
print(result)
>> [['One Hundred Years of Solitude' 'Gabriel García Márquez']
>> ['A Brief History of Time' 'Stephen Hawking']]cursor.execute("SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP")
print(cursor.fetchone())
>> [datetime.datetime(2020, 10, 26, 23, 3, 54, 756497, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)]| Name | Type | Description | Default Value | Required |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| access_key_id | str | The access key for the IAM role or IAM user configured for IAM database authentication | None | No |
| allow_db_user_override | bool | True specifies the driver uses the DbUser value from the SAML assertion while False indicates the value in the DbUser connection parameter is used | FALSE | No |
| app_name | str | The name of the IdP application used for authentication | None | No |
| auth_profile | str | The name of an Amazon Redshift Authentication profile having connection properties as JSON. See the RedshiftProperty class to learn how connection parameters should be named. | None | No |
| auto_create | bool | Indicates whether the user should be created if they do not exist | FALSE | No |
| client_id | str | The client id from Azure IdP | None | No |
| client_secret | str | The client secret from Azure IdP | None | No |
| cluster_identifier | str | The cluster identifier of the Amazon Redshift Cluster | None | No |
| credentials_provider | str | The IdP that will be used for authenticating with Amazon Redshift. | None | No |
| database | str | The name of the database to connect to | None | No |
| database_metadata_current_db_only | bool | Indicates if application supports multi-database datashare catalogs. Default value of True indicates application does not support multi-database datashare catalogs for backwards compatibility | TRUE | No |
| db_groups | str | A comma-separated list of existing database group names that the DbUser joins for the current session | None | No |
| db_user | str | The user ID to use with Amazon Redshift | None | No |
| endpoint_url | str | The Amazon Redshift endpoint url. This option is only used by AWS internal teams. | None | No |
| host | str | The hostname of Amazon Redshift cluster | None | No |
| iam | bool | If IAM Authentication is enabled | FALSE | No |
| iam_disable_cache | bool | This option specifies whether the IAM credentials are cached. By default the IAM credentials are cached. This improves performance when requests to the API gateway are throttled. | False | No |
| idp_response_timeout | int | The timeout for retrieving SAML assertion from IdP | 120 | No |
| idp_tenant | str | The IdP tenant | None | No |
| listen_port | int | The listen port IdP will send the SAML assertion to | 7890 | No |
| login_url | str | The SSO Url for the IdP | None | No |
| max_prepared_statements | int | The maximum number of prepared statements that can be open at once | 1000 | No |
| partner_sp_id | str | The Partner SP Id used for authentication with Ping | None | No |
| password | str | The password to use for authentication | None | No |
| port | Int | The port number of the Amazon Redshift cluster | 5439 | No |
| preferred_role | str | The IAM role preferred for the current connection | None | No |
| principal_arn | str | The ARN of the IAM entity (user or role) for which you are generating a policy | None | No |
| profile | str | The name of a profile in a AWS credentials file that contains AWS credentials. | None | No |
| region | str | The AWS region where the cluster is located | None | No |
| role_arn | str | The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the role that the caller is assuming. This parameter is used by JwtCredentialsProvider. For this provider, this is a mandatory parameter. | None | No |
| role_session_name | str | An identifier for the assumed role session. Typically, you pass the name or identifier that is associated with the user who is using your application. That way, the temporary security credentials that your application will use are associated with that user. This parameter is used by JwtCredentialsProvider. For this provider, this is an optional parameter. | jwt_redshift_session | No |
| secret_access_key_id | str | The secret access key for the IAM role or IAM user configured for IAM database authentication | None | No |
| session_token | str | The access key for the IAM role or IAM user configured for IAM database authentication. Not required unless temporary AWS credentials are being used. | None | No |
| ssl | bool | If SSL is enabled | TRUE | No |
| ssl_insecure | bool | Specifies if IDP hosts server certificate will be verified | TRUE | No |
| sslmode | str | The security of the connection to Amazon Redshift. verify-ca and verify-full are supported. | verify_ca | No |
| user | str | The username to use for authentication | None | No |
| web_identity_token | str | The OAuth 2.0 access token or OpenID Connect ID token that is provided by the identity provider. Your application must get this token by authenticating the user who is using your application with a web identity provider. This parameter is used by JwtCredentialsProvider. For this provider, this is a mandatory parameter. | None | No |
redshift_connector supports the following Amazon Redshift datatypes. redshift_connector will attempt to treat unsupported datatypes as strings.
Incoming data from Amazon Redshift is treated as follows:
| Amazon Redshift Datatype | Python Datatype |
|---|---|
| ACLITEM | str |
| BOOLEAN | bool |
| INT8 | int |
| INT4 | int |
| INT2 | int |
| VARCHAR | str |
| OID | int |
| REGPROC | int |
| XID | int |
| JSON | dict |
| FLOAT4 | float |
| FLOAT8 | float |
| TEXT | str |
| CHAR | str |
| DATE | datetime.date |
| TIME | datetime.time |
| TIMETZ | datetime.time |
| TIMESTAMP | datetime.datetime |
| TIMESTAMPTZ | datetime.datetime |
| NUMERIC | decimal.Decimal |
| GEOMETRY | str |
| SUPER | str |
| VARBYTE | bytes |
| GEOGRAPHY | str |
redshift_connector uses logging for providing detailed error messages regarding IdP authentication. A do-nothing handler is enabled by default as to prevent logs from being output to sys.stderr.
Enable logging in your application to view logs output by redshift_connector as described in
the documentation for Python logging module.
redshift_connector requests the Amazon Redshift server use the highest transfer protocol version supported. As of v2.0.879 binary transfer protocol is requested by default. If necessary, the requested transfer protocol can be modified via the client_protocol_version parameter of redshift_connector.connect(...). Please see the Connection Parameters table for more details.
- Ask a question on Stack Overflow and tag it with redshift_connector
- Open a support ticket with AWS Support
- If you may have found a bug, please open an issue
We look forward to collaborating with you! Please read through CONTRIBUTING before submitting any issues or pull requests.
An entry in the changelog is generated upon release using gitchangelog. Please use the configuration file, .gitchangelog.rc when generating the changelog.
You can run tests by using pytest test/unit. This will run all unit tests. Integration tests require providing credentials for an Amazon Redshift cluster as well as IdP attributes in test/config.ini.