Lab2A

CMakelist.txt

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+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+include(pico_sdk_import.cmake)
+project(test_project C CXX ASM)
+set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+pico_sdk_init()
+
+if (TARGET tinyusb_device)
+    add_executable(hello_pio_usb)
+
+pico_generate_pio_header(hello_pio_usb ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/ws2812.pio OUTPUT_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/generated)    
+
+
+ #pull in common dependencies
+    target_sources(hello_pio_usb PRIVATE ws2812.c ws2812.h hello_usb.c ws2812.pio)
+    # pull in common dependencies
+    target_link_libraries(hello_pio_usb pico_stdlib hardware_pio )
+
+    # enable usb output, disable uart output
+    pico_enable_stdio_usb(hello_pio_usb 1)
+    pico_enable_stdio_uart(hello_pio_usb 0)
+
+    # create map/bin/hex/uf2 file etc.
+    pico_add_extra_outputs(hello_pio_usb)
+
+    # add url via pico_set_program_url
+elseif(PICO_ON_DEVICE)
+    message(WARNING "not building hello_usb because TinyUSB submodule is not initialized in the SDK")
+endif()

README.md

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 University of Pennsylvania, ESE 5190: Intro to Embedded Systems, Lab 2A
 
-    (TODO) YOUR NAME HERE
-        (TODO) LinkedIn, personal website, twitter, etc.
-    Tested on: (TODO) MacBook Pro (14-inch, 2021), macOS Monterey 12.5.1
+    Zihan Zhang
+         [email protected]
+    Tested on: Ubantu
+
+#Part 3.2
+
+  Why is bit-banging impractical on your laptop, despite it having a much faster processor than the RP2040?
+  If the processor is interrupted to attend to one of the hard peripherals it is also responsible for, it can be fatal to the timing of any bit-banged protocol. And 
+  the  ratio between the processor speed and protocol speed is big, so the processor will spend uselessly idling in between GPIO accesses.
+
+  What are some cases where directly using the GPIO might be a better choice than using the PIO hardware?
+  The main case where software GPIO access is the best choice is LEDs and push buttons.
+
+  How do you get data into a PIO state machine?
+  Use pio_sm_put_blocking() function to push data directly into the state machine’s TXFIFO.
+
+  How do you get data out of a PIO state machine?
+  Use pull instruction first to take one data item from the transmit FIFO buffer, and places it in the output shift register (OSR). Then use out instruction to 
+  write  that data to some pins.
+
+  How do you program a PIO state machine?
+  System software loads data into the PIO's instruction memory and then set the i/o mapping.
+
+   In the example, which low-level C SDK function is directly responsible for telling the PIO to set the LED to a new color? How is this function accessed from the 
+   main “application” code?
+   pio_sm_put_blocking pio_sm_put_blocking() is called with the parameters from the put_pixel().
+
+   What role does the pioasm “assembler” play in the example, and how does this interact with CMake?
+   Our program written in C language can be built to assembler with GCC. We can use CMake to generate uf2 file which can be recognized by the board.
+
+#Part3.3
+
+   I put this document in part3.3.pdf<br>
+
+  <img width="276" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/114272466/196423941-5cfdee5b-59bc-41ff-942f-385e05bdb895.png"><br>
+  <img width="281" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/114272466/196424148-a8a5bff1-017b-418a-a24c-1534fd1f5702.png"><br>
+  <img width="299" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/114272466/196424198-ab6013cc-1a1d-489e-9a9f-64bf1c2d47d0.png"><br>
+  <img width="294" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/114272466/196424228-672ff8cc-1870-410a-9f0b-ef1c4d61ab29.png"><br>
+  <img width="327" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/114272466/196424293-e2f0f00f-4699-4787-bbb5-e42a1d6eb6c0.png"><br>
+  <img width="311" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/114272466/196424352-745eedaa-6374-472d-aa87-c06fbf5938b4.png"><br>
+  <img width="307" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/114272466/196424391-5b1df5cb-9d57-49cc-b82a-664ba036a73a.png"><br>
+
+#Part3.4
+
+  I put this document in part3.4.xlsx<br>
+
+#Part3.5
+
+  I put this document in part3.5.pdf<br>
+
+  ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/114272466/196425034-956fe653-a823-48e1-892a-41bf81dc413c.png)#Part3.5<br>
+
+#Part3.6
+
+  I put this document in part3.6.xlsx<br>  
+
+#Part3.7
+
+  I put this document in part3.7.pdf<br> 
+  ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/114272466/196425697-8027d36a-c7af-4fa4-a831-07cd2b553ab0.png)<br>
+
+#Part4 Hello_world<br>
+  ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/114272466/196427660-26ddf1e4-1cd5-432a-9c07-fa4104f092fe.png)<br>
+
+    For this project, I add the gpio in hello_usb.c and add ws2812.h. At the mean time, I add the fuction in ws2812.c. 
+    Additionally, I mix two CMakelists.txt into one doucment. Finally, I made it.
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-(TODO: Your README)
 
-Include lab questions, screenshots, analysis, etc. (Remember, this is public, so don't put anything here you don't want to share with the world.)

hello_usb.c

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+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2020 Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "ws2812.h"
+
+
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#include "hardware/pio.h"
+#include "hardware/clocks.h"
+#include "ws2812.pio.h"
+
+#define IS_RGBW true
+#define NUM_PIXELS 150
+
+#ifdef PICO_DEFAULT_WS2812_PIN
+#define WS2812_PIN PICO_DEFAULT_WS2812_PIN
+#else
+// default to pin 2 if the board doesn't have a default WS2812 pin defined
+#define WS2812_PIN 12
+#endif
+int main() {
+    stdio_init_all();
+    gpio_init(11);
+    gpio_set_dir(11, GPIO_OUT);
+    gpio_put(11, 1);
+    PIO pio = pio0;
+    int sm = 0;
+    uint offset = pio_add_program(pio, &ws2812_program);
+    ws2812_program_init(pio, sm, offset, WS2812_PIN, 800000, IS_RGBW);
+      while (true) {
+        printf("Hello, world!\n");
+        sleep_ms(500);
+        set_neopixel_color(0x00337788);
+        sleep_ms(500);
+        printf("see you!\n");
+        set_neopixel_color(0);
+	 sleep_ms(500);
+
+    }
+    return 0;
+}

pico_sdk_import.cmake

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+# This is a copy of <PICO_SDK_PATH>/external/pico_sdk_import.cmake
+
+# This can be dropped into an external project to help locate this SDK
+# It should be include()ed prior to project()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH))
+    set(PICO_SDK_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_PATH})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_PATH}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}')")
+endif ()
+
+if (DEFINED ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH} AND (NOT PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH))
+    set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH $ENV{PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH})
+    message("Using PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH from environment ('${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}')")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT}" CACHE BOOL "Set to ON to fetch copy of SDK from git if not otherwise locatable")
+set(PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" CACHE FILEPATH "location to download SDK")
+
+if (NOT PICO_SDK_PATH)
+    if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT)
+        include(FetchContent)
+        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR})
+        if (PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH)
+            get_filename_component(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR "${PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        endif ()
+        # GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE was added in 3.17
+        if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.17.0")
+            FetchContent_Declare(
+                    pico_sdk
+                    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                    GIT_TAG master
+                    GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE FALSE
+            )
+        else ()
+            FetchContent_Declare(
+                    pico_sdk
+                    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk
+                    GIT_TAG master
+            )
+        endif ()
+
+        if (NOT pico_sdk)
+            message("Downloading Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+            FetchContent_Populate(pico_sdk)
+            set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${pico_sdk_SOURCE_DIR})
+        endif ()
+        set(FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR ${FETCHCONTENT_BASE_DIR_SAVE})
+    else ()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+                "SDK location was not specified. Please set PICO_SDK_PATH or set PICO_SDK_FETCH_FROM_GIT to on to fetch from git."
+                )
+    endif ()
+endif ()
+
+get_filename_component(PICO_SDK_PATH "${PICO_SDK_PATH}" REALPATH BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
+if (NOT EXISTS ${PICO_SDK_PATH})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Directory '${PICO_SDK_PATH}' not found")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE ${PICO_SDK_PATH}/pico_sdk_init.cmake)
+if (NOT EXISTS ${PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Directory '${PICO_SDK_PATH}' does not appear to contain the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK")
+endif ()
+
+set(PICO_SDK_PATH ${PICO_SDK_PATH} CACHE PATH "Path to the Raspberry Pi Pico SDK" FORCE)
+
+include(${PICO_SDK_INIT_CMAKE_FILE})

ws2812.c

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+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2020 Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "pico/stdlib.h"
+#include "hardware/pio.h"
+#include "hardware/clocks.h"
+#include "ws2812.pio.h"
+
+#define IS_RGBW true
+#define NUM_PIXELS 150
+
+#ifdef PICO_DEFAULT_WS2812_PIN
+#define WS2812_PIN PICO_DEFAULT_WS2812_PIN
+#else
+// default to pin 2 if the board doesn't have a default WS2812 pin defined
+#define WS2812_PIN 12
+#endif
+
+static inline void put_pixel(uint32_t pixel_grb) {
+    pio_sm_put_blocking(pio0, 0, pixel_grb << 8u);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t urgb_u32(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b) {
+    return
+            ((uint32_t) (r) << 8) |
+            ((uint32_t) (g) << 16) |
+            (uint32_t) (b);
+}
+
+void pattern_snakes(uint len, uint t) {
+    for (uint i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        uint x = (i + (t >> 1)) % 64;
+        if (x < 10)
+            put_pixel(urgb_u32(0xff, 0, 0));
+        else if (x >= 15 && x < 25)
+            put_pixel(urgb_u32(0, 0xff, 0));
+        else if (x >= 30 && x < 40)
+            put_pixel(urgb_u32(0, 0, 0xff));
+        else
+            put_pixel(0);
+    }
+}
+
+void pattern_random(uint len, uint t) {
+    if (t % 8)
+        return;
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+        put_pixel(rand());
+}
+
+void pattern_sparkle(uint len, uint t) {
+    if (t % 8)
+        return;
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+        put_pixel(rand() % 16 ? 0 : 0xffffffff);
+}
+
+void pattern_greys(uint len, uint t) {
+    int max = 100; // let's not draw too much current!
+    t %= max;
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        put_pixel(t * 0x10101);
+        if (++t >= max) t = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void set_neopixel_color(uint32_t color){
+
+    uint8_t r=color>>16;
+    uint8_t g=color>>8;
+    uint8_t b=color;
+    uint32_t result=urgb_u32(r,g,b);
+    put_pixel(result);
+
+}
+
+typedef void (*pattern)(uint len, uint t);
+const struct {
+    pattern pat;
+    const char *name;
+} pattern_table[] = {
+        {pattern_snakes,  "Snakes!"},
+        {pattern_random,  "Random data"},
+        {pattern_sparkle, "Sparkles"},
+        {pattern_greys,   "Greys"},
+};
+
+//int main() {
+    //set_sys_clock_48();
+//    stdio_init_all();
+//    printf("WS2812 Smoke Test, using pin %d", WS2812_PIN);
+//    gpio_init(11);
+//    gpio_set_dir(11,GPIO_OUT);
+//   gpio_put(11,1);
+//    // todo get free sm
+//    PIO pio = pio0;
+//    int sm = 0;
+//    uint offset = pio_add_program(pio, &ws2812_program);
+//
+//    ws2812_program_init(pio, sm, offset, WS2812_PIN, 800000, IS_RGBW);
+//
+//    int t = 0;
+//    while (1) {
+//        int pat = rand() % count_of(pattern_table);
+//        int dir = (rand() >> 30) & 1 ? 1 : -1;
+//        puts(pattern_table[pat].name);
+//        puts(dir == 1 ? "(forward)" : "(backward)");
+//        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
+//            pattern_table[pat].pat(NUM_PIXELS, t);
+//            sleep_ms(10);
+//            t += dir;
+//        }
+//    }
+//}

ws2812.h

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+#ifndef _WS2812_H
+#define _WS2812_H
+void set_neopixel_color(uint32_t color);
+#endif