add constructor & destructor syntax

crates/erg_common/io.rs

@@ -499,15 +499,15 @@ impl Input {
 
     pub fn resolve_path(&self, path: &Path, cfg: &ErgConfig) -> Option<PathBuf> {
         self.resolve_real_path(path, cfg)
-            .or_else(|| self.resolve_decl_path(path))
+            .or_else(|| self.resolve_decl_path(path, cfg))
     }
 
     /// resolution order:
     /// 1. `./{path/to}.er`
     /// 2. `./{path/to}/__init__.er`
     /// 3. `std/{path/to}.er`
     /// 4. `std/{path/to}/__init__.er`
-    /// 5. `pkgs/{path/to}/lib.er`
+    /// 5. `pkgs/{path/to}/src/lib.er`
     pub fn resolve_real_path(&self, path: &Path, cfg: &ErgConfig) -> Option<PathBuf> {
         if let Ok(path) = self.resolve_local(path) {
             Some(path)
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ impl Input {
             .canonicalize()
         {
             Some(normalize_path(path))
-        } else if let Some(pkg) = self.resolve_project_dep_path(path, cfg) {
+        } else if let Some(pkg) = self.resolve_project_dep_path(path, cfg, false) {
             Some(normalize_path(pkg))
         } else if path == Path::new("unsound") {
             Some(PathBuf::from("unsound"))
@@ -531,15 +531,25 @@ impl Input {
         }
     }
 
-    fn resolve_project_dep_path(&self, path: &Path, cfg: &ErgConfig) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    fn resolve_project_dep_path(
+        &self,
+        path: &Path,
+        cfg: &ErgConfig,
+        decl: bool,
+    ) -> Option<PathBuf> {
         let name = format!("{}", path.display());
         let pkg = cfg.packages.iter().find(|p| p.as_name == name)?;
         let path = if let Some(path) = pkg.path {
             PathBuf::from(path).canonicalize().ok()?
         } else {
             erg_pkgs_path().join(pkg.name).join(pkg.version)
         };
-        Some(path.join("src").join("lib.er"))
+        let path = if decl {
+            path.join("src").join("lib.d.er")
+        } else {
+            path.join("src").join("lib.er")
+        };
+        path.canonicalize().ok()
     }
 
     /// resolution order:
@@ -552,9 +562,10 @@ impl Input {
     /// (and repeat for the project root)
     /// 7.  `std/{path/to}.d.er`
     /// 8.  `std/{path/to}/__init__.d.er`
-    /// 9.  `site-packages/{path}/__pycache__/{to}.d.er`
-    /// 10. `site-packages/{path/to}/__pycache__/__init__.d.er`
-    pub fn resolve_decl_path(&self, path: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    /// 9.  `pkgs/{path/to}/src/lib.d.er`
+    /// 10. `site-packages/{path}/__pycache__/{to}.d.er`
+    /// 11. `site-packages/{path/to}/__pycache__/__init__.d.er`
+    pub fn resolve_decl_path(&self, path: &Path, cfg: &ErgConfig) -> Option<PathBuf> {
         if let Ok(path) = self.resolve_local_decl(self.dir(), path) {
             return Some(path);
         }
@@ -579,6 +590,9 @@ impl Input {
                 return Some(path);
             }
         }
+        if let Some(pkg) = self.resolve_project_dep_path(path, cfg, true) {
+            return Some(normalize_path(pkg));
+        }
         for site_packages in python_site_packages() {
             if let Some(path) = Self::resolve_site_pkgs_decl_path(site_packages, path) {
                 return Some(path);
@@ -668,6 +682,14 @@ impl Input {
         py_path.push(last);
         decl_path == py_path
     }
+
+    pub fn mode(&self) -> &'static str {
+        if self.path().to_string_lossy().ends_with(".d.er") {
+            "declare"
+        } else {
+            "exec"
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]

crates/erg_compiler/build_hir.rs

@@ -181,7 +181,8 @@ impl<ASTBuilder: ASTBuildable> GenericHIRBuilder<ASTBuilder> {
 
     pub fn check(&mut self, ast: AST, mode: &str) -> Result<CompleteArtifact, IncompleteArtifact> {
         let mut artifact = self.lowerer.lower(ast, mode)?;
-        let effect_checker = SideEffectChecker::new(self.cfg().clone());
+        let ctx = &self.lowerer.get_context().unwrap().context;
+        let effect_checker = SideEffectChecker::new(self.cfg().clone(), ctx);
         let hir = effect_checker
             .check(artifact.object, self.lowerer.module.context.name.clone())
             .map_err(|(hir, errs)| {

crates/erg_compiler/build_package.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
 use erg_common::config::ErgMode;
 
 use erg_common::config::ErgConfig;
-use erg_common::consts::ELS;
+use erg_common::consts::{DEBUG_MODE, ELS};
 use erg_common::debug_power_assert;
 use erg_common::dict::Dict;
 use erg_common::env::is_std_decl_path;
@@ -228,7 +228,9 @@ impl<ASTBuilder: ASTBuildable, HIRBuilder: BuildRunnable> Runnable
 
     fn exec(&mut self) -> Result<ExitStatus, Self::Errs> {
         let src = self.cfg_mut().input.read();
-        let artifact = self.build(src, "exec").map_err(|arti| arti.errors)?;
+        let artifact = self
+            .build(src, self.cfg.input.mode())
+            .map_err(|arti| arti.errors)?;
         artifact.warns.write_all_stderr();
         println!("{}", artifact.object);
         Ok(ExitStatus::compile_passed(artifact.warns.len()))
@@ -382,7 +384,7 @@ impl<ASTBuilder: ASTBuildable, HIRBuilder: Buildable>
                 ));
             }
         };
-        self.build_root(ast, "exec")
+        self.build_root(ast, self.cfg.input.mode())
     }
 
     pub fn build_root(
@@ -525,7 +527,11 @@ impl<ASTBuilder: ASTBuildable, HIRBuilder: Buildable>
                 .spawn()
                 .and_then(|mut child| child.wait())
             {
-                if let Some(path) = self.cfg.input.resolve_decl_path(Path::new(&__name__[..])) {
+                if let Some(path) = self
+                    .cfg
+                    .input
+                    .resolve_decl_path(Path::new(&__name__[..]), &self.cfg)
+                {
                     let size = metadata(&path).unwrap().len();
                     // if pylyzer crashed
                     if !status.success() && size == 0 {
@@ -728,7 +734,7 @@ impl<ASTBuilder: ASTBuildable, HIRBuilder: Buildable>
             // return;
         } else if let Some(inliner) = self.inlines.get(path).cloned() {
             self.build_deps_and_module(&inliner, graph);
-        } else {
+        } else if DEBUG_MODE {
             todo!("{path} is not found in self.inlines and self.asts");
         }
     }

crates/erg_compiler/codegen.rs

@@ -3495,11 +3495,20 @@ impl PyCodeGenerator {
         self.emit_load_const(name);
         self.emit_store_instr(Identifier::public("__qualname__"), Name);
         let mut methods = ClassDef::take_all_methods(class.methods_list);
-        let __init__ = methods.remove_def("__init__");
+        let __init__ = methods
+            .remove_def("__init__")
+            .or_else(|| methods.remove_def("__init__!"));
         self.emit_init_method(&class.sig, __init__, class.__new__.clone());
         if class.need_to_gen_new {
             self.emit_new_func(&class.sig, class.__new__);
         }
+        let __del__ = methods
+            .remove_def("__del__")
+            .or_else(|| methods.remove_def("__del__!"));
+        if let Some(mut __del__) = __del__ {
+            __del__.sig.ident_mut().vi.py_name = Some(Str::from("__del__"));
+            self.emit_def(__del__);
+        }
         if !methods.is_empty() {
             self.emit_simple_block(methods);
         }

crates/erg_compiler/context/initialize/const_func.rs

@@ -1445,7 +1445,7 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_decl_path_func(
             return Err(type_mismatch("Str", other, "Path"));
         }
     };
-    let Some(path) = ctx.cfg.input.resolve_decl_path(path) else {
+    let Some(path) = ctx.cfg.input.resolve_decl_path(path, &ctx.cfg) else {
         return Err(ErrorCore::new(
             vec![SubMessage::only_loc(Location::Unknown)],
             format!("Path {} is not found", path.display()),

crates/erg_compiler/context/register.rs

@@ -2267,7 +2267,11 @@ impl Context {
     }
 
     fn get_decl_path(&self, __name__: &Str, loc: &impl Locational) -> CompileResult<PathBuf> {
-        match self.cfg.input.resolve_decl_path(Path::new(&__name__[..])) {
+        match self
+            .cfg
+            .input
+            .resolve_decl_path(Path::new(&__name__[..]), &self.cfg)
+        {
             Some(path) => {
                 if self.cfg.input.decl_file_is(&path) {
                     return Ok(path);

crates/erg_compiler/effectcheck.rs

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ use erg_common::traits::{Locational, Stream};
 use erg_common::Str;
 use erg_parser::token::TokenKind;
 
+use crate::context::Context;
 use crate::error::{EffectError, EffectErrors};
-use crate::hir::{Array, Def, Dict, Expr, Params, Set, Signature, Tuple, HIR};
+use crate::hir::{Array, Call, Def, Dict, Expr, Params, Set, Signature, Tuple, HIR};
 use crate::ty::{HasType, Visibility};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -31,20 +32,22 @@ use BlockKind::*;
 /// * check if expressions with side effects are not used in functions
 /// * check if methods that change internal state are not defined in immutable classes
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct SideEffectChecker {
+pub struct SideEffectChecker<'c> {
     cfg: ErgConfig,
     path_stack: Vec<Visibility>,
     block_stack: Vec<BlockKind>,
     errs: EffectErrors,
+    ctx: &'c Context,
 }
 
-impl SideEffectChecker {
-    pub fn new(cfg: ErgConfig) -> Self {
+impl<'c> SideEffectChecker<'c> {
+    pub fn new(cfg: ErgConfig, ctx: &'c Context) -> Self {
         Self {
             cfg,
             path_stack: vec![],
             block_stack: vec![],
             errs: EffectErrors::empty(),
+            ctx,
         }
     }
 
@@ -402,6 +405,7 @@ impl SideEffectChecker {
                 other => todo!("{other}"),
             },
             Expr::Call(call) => {
+                self.constructor_destructor_check(call);
                 self.check_expr(&call.obj);
                 if (call.obj.t().is_procedure()
                     || call
@@ -486,6 +490,32 @@ impl SideEffectChecker {
         }
     }
 
+    fn constructor_destructor_check(&mut self, call: &Call) {
+        let Some(gen_t) = call.signature_t().and_then(|sig| sig.return_t()) else {
+            return;
+        };
+        // the call generates a new instance
+        // REVIEW: is this correct?
+        if !self.in_context_effects_allowed()
+            && call
+                .signature_t()
+                .is_some_and(|sig| sig.param_ts().iter().all(|p| !p.contains_type(gen_t)))
+        {
+            if let Some(typ_ctx) = self.ctx.get_nominal_type_ctx(gen_t) {
+                if typ_ctx.get_method_kv("__init__!").is_some()
+                    || typ_ctx.get_method_kv("__del__!").is_some()
+                {
+                    self.errs.push(EffectError::constructor_destructor_error(
+                        self.cfg.input.clone(),
+                        line!() as usize,
+                        call.loc(),
+                        self.full_path(),
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn is_impure(expr: &Expr) -> bool {
         match expr {
             Expr::Call(call) => {

crates/erg_compiler/error/mod.rs

@@ -401,6 +401,30 @@ impl EffectError {
         )
     }
 
+    pub fn constructor_destructor_error(
+        input: Input,
+        errno: usize,
+        loc: Location,
+        caused_by: String,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            ErrorCore::new(
+                vec![SubMessage::only_loc(loc)],
+                switch_lang!(
+                    "japanese" => "このオブジェクトのコンストラクタとデストラクタは副作用があるため，関数内で呼び出すことはできません",
+                    "simplified_chinese" => "此对象的构造函数和析构函数有副作用，因此不能在函数内调用",
+                    "traditional_chinese" => "此對象的構造函數和析構函數有副作用，因此不能在函數內調用",
+                    "english" => "the constructor and destructor of this object have side-effects, so they cannot be called inside a function",
+                ),
+                errno,
+                HasEffect,
+                loc,
+            ),
+            input,
+            caused_by,
+        )
+    }
+
     pub fn proc_assign_error(input: Input, errno: usize, loc: Location, caused_by: String) -> Self {
         let hint = Some(
             switch_lang!(

crates/erg_compiler/lib/std/semver.er

@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@
         if self.major == 0, do:
             self.compatible_with::return self == other
         self.major == other.major
+    is_valid s: Str =
+        match s.split("."):
+            [major, minor, patch] -> major.isnumeric() and minor.isnumeric() and patch.isnumeric()
+            [major, minor, patch, pre] -> major.isnumeric() and minor.isnumeric() and patch.isnumeric() and pre.isalnum()
+            _ -> False
 #[
     greater self, other: .Version =
         match [self.major > other.major, self.major >= other.major, self.minor > other.minor, self.minor >= other.minor, self.patch > other.patch]:

crates/erg_compiler/link_hir.rs

@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ impl<'a> HIRLinker<'a> {
         let mod_path = self
             .cfg
             .input
-            .resolve_decl_path(Path::new(&mod_name_str[..]))
+            .resolve_decl_path(Path::new(&mod_name_str[..]), self.cfg)
             .unwrap();
         if !mod_path
             .canonicalize()

crates/erg_compiler/ty/mod.rs

@@ -642,6 +642,15 @@ impl SubrType {
             .map(|pt| pt.name().map_or("_", |s| &s[..]))
     }
 
+    pub fn param_ts(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Type> + Clone {
+        self.non_default_params
+            .iter()
+            .chain(self.var_params.as_deref())
+            .chain(self.default_params.iter())
+            .chain(self.kw_var_params.as_deref())
+            .map(|pt| pt.typ())
+    }
+
     pub fn is_no_var(&self) -> bool {
         self.var_params.is_none() && self.kw_var_params.is_none()
     }
@@ -3325,6 +3334,17 @@ impl Type {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn param_ts(&self) -> Vec<Type> {
+        match self {
+            Self::FreeVar(fv) if fv.is_linked() => fv.crack().param_ts(),
+            Self::Refinement(refine) => refine.t.param_ts(),
+            Self::Subr(subr) => subr.param_ts().cloned().collect(),
+            Self::Quantified(quant) => quant.param_ts(),
+            Self::Callable { param_ts, .. } => param_ts.clone(),
+            _ => vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn return_t(&self) -> Option<&Type> {
         match self {
             Self::FreeVar(fv) if fv.is_linked() => {

examples/init_del.er

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+i = !0
+
+C = Class()
+C.
+    __init__! self =
+        print! "initialize:", self
+        i.inc!()
+    __del__! self =
+        print! "delete:", self
+        i.dec!()
+
+p!() =
+    c = C.new()
+    assert i == 1
+    print! c
+
+p!()
+assert i == 0

tests/should_err/init_del.er

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+i = !0
+
+C = Class()
+C.
+    __init__! self =
+        print! "initialize:", self
+        i.inc!()
+    __del__! self =
+        print! "delete:", self
+        i.dec!()
+
+f() =
+    c = C.new() # ERR
+    log c
+
+f()
+assert i == 0