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Keyhacks is a repository which shows quick ways in which API keys leaked by a bug bounty program can be checked to see if they're valid.

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KeyHacks shows ways in which particular API keys found on a Bug Bounty Program can be used, to check if they are valid.

@Gwen001 has scripted the entire process available here and it can be found here

Table of Contents

Detailed Information

Slack Webhook

If the below command returns missing_text_or_fallback_or_attachments, it means that the URL is valid, any other responses would mean that the URL is invalid.

curl -s -X POST -H "Content-type: application/json" -d '{"text":""}' "https://hooks.slack.com/services/T00000000/B00000000/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"

Slack API token

curl -sX POST "https://slack.com/api/auth.test?token=xoxp-TOKEN_HERE&pretty=1"

SauceLabs Username and access Key

curl -u USERNAME:ACCESS_KEY https://saucelabs.com/rest/v1/users/USERNAME

Facebook AppSecret

You can generate access tokens by visiting the URL below.

https://graph.facebook.com/oauth/access_token?client_id=ID_HERE&client_secret=SECRET_HERE&redirect_uri=&grant_type=client_credentials

Facebook Access Token

https://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug/accesstoken/?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN_HERE&version=v3.2

Firebase

Requires a custom token, and an API key.

  1. Obtain ID token and refresh token from custom token and API key: curl -s -XPOST -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{"token":":custom_token","returnSecureToken":True}' 'https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signInWithCustomToken?key=:api_key'
  2. Exchange ID token for auth token: curl -s -XPOST -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{"idToken":":id_token"}' https://www.googleapis.com/identitytoolkit/v3/relyingparty/verifyCustomToken?key=:api_key'

Github Token

curl -s -u "user:apikey" https://api.github.com/user
curl -s -H "Authorization: token TOKEN_HERE" "https://api.github.com/users/USERNAME_HERE/orgs"
# Check scope of your api token
curl "https://api.github.com/rate_limit" -i -u "user:apikey" | grep "X-OAuth-Scopes:"

Github client id and client secret

curl 'https://api.github.com/users/whatever?client_id=xxxx&client_secret=yyyy'

Firebase Cloud Messaging

Reference: https://abss.me/posts/fcm-takeover

curl -s -X POST --header "Authorization: key=AI..." --header "Content-Type:application/json" 'https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send' -d '{"registration_ids":["1"]}'

GitHub private SSH key

SSH private keys can be tested against github.com to see if they are registered against an existing user account. If the key exists the username corresponding to the key will be provided. (source)

$ ssh -i <path to SSH private key> -T [email protected]
Hi <username>! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

Twilio Account_sid and Auth token

curl -X GET 'https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts.json' -u ACCOUNT_SID:AUTH_TOKEN

Twitter API Secret

curl -u 'API key:API secret key' --data 'grant_type=client_credentials' 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth2/token'

Twitter Bearer token

curl --request GET --url https://api.twitter.com/1.1/account_activity/all/subscriptions/count.json --header 'authorization: Bearer TOKEN'

HubSpot API key

Get all owners:

https://api.hubapi.com/owners/v2/owners?hapikey={keyhere}

Get all contact details:

https://api.hubapi.com/contacts/v1/lists/all/contacts/all?hapikey={keyhere}

Deviant Art Secret

curl https://www.deviantart.com/oauth2/token -d grant_type=client_credentials -d client_id=ID_HERE -d client_secret=mysecret

Deviant Art Access Token

curl https://www.deviantart.com/api/v1/oauth2/placebo -d access_token=Alph4num3r1ct0k3nv4lu3

Pendo Integration Key

curl -X GET https://app.pendo.io/api/v1/feature -H 'content-type: application/json' -H 'x-pendo-integration-key:KEY_HERE'
curl -X GET https://app.pendo.io/api/v1/metadata/schema/account -H 'content-type: application/json' -H 'x-pendo-integration-key:KEY_HERE'

SendGrid API Token

curl -X "GET" "https://api.sendgrid.com/v3/scopes" -H "Authorization: Bearer SENDGRID_TOKEN-HERE" -H "Content-Type: application/json"

Square

Detection:

App id/client secret: sq0[a-z]{3}-[0-9A-Za-z\-_]{22,43} Auth token: EAAA[a-zA-Z0-9]{60}

Test App id & client secret:

curl "https://squareup.com/oauth2/revoke" -d '{"access_token":"[RANDOM_STRING]","client_id":"[APP_ID]"}'  -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Client [CLIENT_SECRET]"

Response indicating valid credentials:

empty

Response indicating invalid credentials:

{
  "message": "Not Authorized",
  "type": "service.not_authorized"
}

Test Auth token:

curl https://connect.squareup.com/v2/locations -H "Authorization: Bearer [AUHT_TOKEN]"

Response indicating valid credentials:

{"locations":[{"id":"CBASELqoYPXr7RtT-9BRMlxGpfcgAQ","name":"Coffee \u0026 Toffee SF","address":{"address_line_1":"1455 Market Street","locality":"San Francisco","administrative_district_level_1":"CA","postal_code":"94103","country":"US"},"timezone":"America/Los_Angeles"........

Response indicating invalid credentials:

{"errors":[{"category":"AUTHENTICATION_ERROR","code":"UNAUTHORIZED","detail":"This request could not be authorized."}]}

Dropbox API

curl -X POST https://api.dropboxapi.com/2/users/get_current_account --header "Authorization: Bearer TOKEN_HERE"

AWS Access Key ID and Secret

Install awscli, set the access key and secret to environment variables, and execute the following command:

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxxx AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=yyyy aws sts get-caller-identity

AWS credentials' permissions can be determined using Enumerate-IAM. This gives broader view of the discovered AWS credentials privileges instead of just checking S3 buckets.

git clone https://github.com/andresriancho/enumerate-iam
cd  enumerate-iam
./enumerate-iam.py --access-key AKIA... --secret-key StF0q...

MailGun Private Key

curl --user 'api:key-PRIVATEKEYHERE' "https://api.mailgun.net/v3/domains"

FreshDesk API Key

curl -v -u [email protected]:test -X GET 'https://domain.freshdesk.com/api/v2/groups/1'
This requires the API key in '[email protected]', pass in 'test' and 'domain.freshdesk.com' to be the instance url of the target. In case you get a 403, try the endpoint api/v2/tickets, which is accessible for all keys.

JumpCloud API Key

List systems:
curl -H "x-api-key: APIKEYHERE" "https://console.jumpcloud.com/api/systems"

Microsoft Azure Tenant

Format:

CLIENT_ID: [0-9a-z\-]{36}
CLIENT_SECRET: [0-9A-Za-z\+\=]{40,50}
TENANT_ID: [0-9a-z\-]{36}

Verification:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -d 'client_id=<CLIENT_ID>&scope=https%3A%2F%2Fgraph.microsoft.com%2F.default&client_secret=<CLIENT_SECRET>&grant_type=client_credentials' 'https://login.microsoftonline.com/<TENANT_ID>/oauth2/v2.0/token'

Microsoft Shared Access Signatures (SAS)

The following powershell can be used to test a Shared Access Signature Token:

static void UseAccountSAS(string sasToken)
{
    // Create new storage credentials using the SAS token.
    StorageCredentials accountSAS = new StorageCredentials(sasToken);
    // Use these credentials and the account name to create a Blob service client.
    CloudStorageAccount accountWithSAS = new CloudStorageAccount(accountSAS, "account-name", endpointSuffix: null, useHttps: true);
    CloudBlobClient blobClientWithSAS = accountWithSAS.CreateCloudBlobClient();

    // Now set the service properties for the Blob client created with the SAS.
    blobClientWithSAS.SetServiceProperties(new ServiceProperties()
    {
        HourMetrics = new MetricsProperties()
        {
            MetricsLevel = MetricsLevel.ServiceAndApi,
            RetentionDays = 7,
            Version = "1.0"
        },
        MinuteMetrics = new MetricsProperties()
        {
            MetricsLevel = MetricsLevel.ServiceAndApi,
            RetentionDays = 7,
            Version = "1.0"
        },
        Logging = new LoggingProperties()
        {
            LoggingOperations = LoggingOperations.All,
            RetentionDays = 14,
            Version = "1.0"
        }
    });

    // The permissions granted by the account SAS also permit you to retrieve service properties.
    ServiceProperties serviceProperties = blobClientWithSAS.GetServiceProperties();
    Console.WriteLine(serviceProperties.HourMetrics.MetricsLevel);
    Console.WriteLine(serviceProperties.HourMetrics.RetentionDays);
    Console.WriteLine(serviceProperties.HourMetrics.Version);
}

New Relic Personal API Key (NerdGraph)

curl -X POST https://api.newrelic.com/graphql \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-H 'API-Key: YOUR_API_KEY' \
-d '{ "query":  "{ requestContext { userId apiKey } }" } '

New Relic REST API

curl -X GET 'https://api.newrelic.com/v2/applications.json' \
     -H "X-Api-Key:${APIKEY}" -i

If valid, test further to see if it's an admin key

Heroku API key

curl -X POST https://api.heroku.com/apps -H "Accept: application/vnd.heroku+json; version=3" -H "Authorization: Bearer API_KEY_HERE"

Mapbox API key

Mapbox secret keys start with sk, rest start with pk (public token), sk (secret token), or tk (temporary token).

curl "https://api.mapbox.com/geocoding/v5/mapbox.places/Los%20Angeles.json?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN"

Salesforce API key

curl https://instance_name.salesforce.com/services/data/v20.0/ -H 'Authorization: Bearer access_token_here'

Algolia API key

Be cautious when running this command, since the payload might execute within an administrative environment, depending on what index you are editing the highlightPreTag of. It's recommended to use a more silent payload (such as XSS Hunter) to prove the possible cross-site scripting attack.

curl --request PUT \
  --url https://<application-id>-1.algolianet.com/1/indexes/<example-index>/settings \
  --header 'content-type: application/json' \
  --header 'x-algolia-api-key: <example-key>' \
  --header 'x-algolia-application-id: <example-application-id>' \
  --data '{"highlightPreTag": "<script>alert(1);</script>"}'

Zapier Webhook Token

curl -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"name":"streaak"}' "webhook_url_here"

Pagerduty API token

curl -H "Accept: application/vnd.pagerduty+json;version=2"  -H "Authorization: Token token=TOKEN_HERE" -X GET  "https://api.pagerduty.com/schedules"

BrowserStack Access Key

curl -u "USERNAME:ACCESS_KEY" https://api.browserstack.com/automate/plan.json

Google Maps API key

Key restrictions are set per service. When testing the key, if the key is restricted/inactive on one service try it with another.

Name Endpoint Pricing
Static Maps https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=45%2C10&zoom=7&size=400x400&key=KEY_HERE $2
Streetview https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size=400x400&location=40.720032,-73.988354&fov=90&heading=235&pitch=10&key=KEY_HERE $7
Embed https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?q=place_id:ChIJyX7muQw8tokR2Vf5WBBk1iQ&key=KEY_HERE Varies
Directions https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=Disneyland&destination=Universal+Studios+Hollywood4&key=KEY_HERE $5
Geocoding https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?latlng=40,30&key=KEY_HERE $5
Distance Matrix https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?units=imperial&origins=40.6655101,-73.89188969999998&destinations=40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.659569%2C-73.933783%7C40.729029%2C-73.851524%7C40.6860072%2C-73.6334271%7C40.598566%2C-73.7527626%7C40.659569%2C-73.933783%7C40.729029%2C-73.851524%7C40.6860072%2C-73.6334271%7C40.598566%2C-73.7527626&key=KEY_HERE $5
Find Place from Text https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/findplacefromtext/json?input=Museum%20of%20Contemporary%20Art%20Australia&inputtype=textquery&fields=photos,formatted_address,name,rating,opening_hours,geometry&key=KEY_HERE Varies
Autocomplete https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/autocomplete/json?input=Bingh&types=%28cities%29&key=KEY_HERE Varies
Elevation https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/elevation/json?locations=39.7391536,-104.9847034&key=KEY_HERE $5
Timezone https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/timezone/json?location=39.6034810,-119.6822510&timestamp=1331161200&key=KEY_HERE $5
Roads https://roads.googleapis.com/v1/nearestRoads?points=60.170880,24.942795|60.170879,24.942796|60.170877,24.942796&key=KEY_HERE $10
Geolocate https://www.googleapis.com/geolocation/v1/geolocate?key=KEY_HERE $5

*Pricing is in USD per 1000 requests (for the first 100k requests)

More Information available here-

https://medium.com/@ozguralp/unauthorized-google-maps-api-key-usage-cases-and-why-you-need-to-care-1ccb28bf21e

https://github.com/ozguralp/gmapsapiscanner/

https://developers.google.com/maps/api-key-best-practices

Google Recaptcha key

Send a POST to the following URL:

https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api/siteverify

secret and response are two required POST parameters, where secret is the key and response is the response to test for.

Regular expression: ^6[0-9a-zA-Z_-]{39}$. The API key always starts with a 6 and is 40 chars long. Read more here: https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/verify.

Google Cloud Service Account credentials

Service Account credentials may be found in a JSON file like this:

$ cat service_account.json
{
  "type": "service_account",
  "project_id": "...",
  "private_key_id": "...",
  "private_key": "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----...-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n",
  "client_email": "...",
  "client_id": "...",
  "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
  "token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
  "auth_provider_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs",
  "client_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/..."
}

If this is your case you may check these credentials using gcloud tool (how to install gcloud):

$ gcloud auth activate-service-account --key-file=service_account.json
Activated service account credentials for: [...]
$ gcloud auth print-access-token
ya29.c...

In case of success you'll see access token printed in terminal. Please note that after verifying that credentials are actually valid you may want to enumerate permissions of these credentials which is another story.

Branch.IO Key and Secret

Visit the following URL to check for validity:

https://api2.branch.io/v1/app/KEY_HERE?branch_secret=SECRET_HERE

Bit.ly Access token

Visit the following URL to check for validity:

https://api-ssl.bitly.com/v3/shorten?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&longUrl=https://www.google.com

Buildkite Access token

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN" \
https://api.buildkite.com/v2/user

Asana Access token

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN" https://app.asana.com/api/1.0/users/me

Zendesk Access token

curl https://{subdomain}.zendesk.com/api/v2/tickets.json \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN"

MailChimp API Key

curl --request GET --url 'https://<dc>.api.mailchimp.com/3.0/' --user 'anystring:<API_KEY>' --include

WPEngine API Key

This issue can be further exploited by checking out @hateshape's gist https://gist.github.com/hateshape/2e671ea71d7c243fac7ebf51fb738f0a.

curl "https://api.wpengine.com/1.2/?method=site&account_name=ACCOUNT_NAME&wpe_apikey=WPENGINE_APIKEY"

DataDog API key

curl "https://api.datadoghq.com/api/v1/dashboard?api_key=<api_key>&application_key=<application_key>"

Travis CI API token

curl -H "Travis-API-Version: 3" -H "Authorization: token <TOKEN>" https://api.travis-ci.com/user

WakaTime API Key

curl "https://wakatime.com/api/v1/users/current/projects/?api_key=KEY_HERE"

Spotify Access Token

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <ACCESS_TOKEN>" https://api.spotify.com/v1/me

Instagram Basic Display API Access Token

E.g.: IGQVJ...

curl -X GET 'https://graph.instagram.com/{user-id}?fields=id,username&access_token={access-token}'

Instagram Graph API Access Token

E.g.: EAAJjmJ...

curl -i -X GET 'https://graph.facebook.com/v8.0/me/accounts?access_token={access-token}'

Gitlab personal access token

curl "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects?private_token=<your_access_token>"

Paypal client id and secret key

curl -v https://api.sandbox.paypal.com/v1/oauth2/token \
   -H "Accept: application/json" \
   -H "Accept-Language: en_US" \
   -u "client_id:secret" \
   -d "grant_type=client_credentials"

The access token can be further used to extract data from the PayPal API. More information: https://developer.paypal.com/docs/api/overview/#make-rest-api-calls.

This can be verified using:

curl -v -X GET "https://api.sandbox.paypal.com/v1/identity/oauth2/userinfo?schema=paypalv1.1" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer [ACCESS_TOKEN]"

Stripe Live Token

curl https://api.stripe.com/v1/charges -u token_here:

Keep the colon at the end of the token to prevent cURL from requesting a password.

The token is always in the following format: sk_live_24charshere, where the 24charshere part contains 24 characters from a-z A-Z 0-9. There is also a test key, which starts with sk_test, but this key is worthless since it is only used for testing purposes and most likely doesn't contain any sensitive information. The live key, on the other hand, can be used to extract/retrieve a lot of info — ranging from charges to the complete product list.

Keep in mind that you will never be able to get the full credit card information since Stripe only gives you the last 4 digits.

More info/complete documentation: https://stripe.com/docs/api/authentication.

Razorpay API key and Secret key

This can be verified using:

curl -u <YOUR_KEY_ID>:<YOUR_KEY_SECRET> \
  https://api.razorpay.com/v1/payments

CircleCI Access Token

curl https://circleci.com/api/v1.1/me?circle-token=<TOKEN>

Loqate API key

curl 'http://api.addressy.com/Capture/Interactive/Find/v1.00/json3.ws?Key=<KEY_HERE>&Countries=US,CA&Language=en&Limit=5&Text=BHAR'

Ipstack API Key

curl 'https://api.ipstack.com/{ip_address}?access_key={keyhere}'

NPM token

You can verify NPM token using npm (replacing 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 with NPM token):

export NPM_TOKEN="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
echo "//registry.npmjs.org/:_authToken=${NPM_TOKEN}" > .npmrc
npm whoami

Another way to verify token is to query API directly:

curl -H 'authorization: Bearer 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000' 'https://registry.npmjs.org/-/whoami'

You'll get username in response in case of success, 401 Unauthorized in case if token doesn't exists and 403 Forbidden in case if your IP address is not whitelisted.

NPM token can be CIDR-whitelisted. Thus if you are using token from non-whitelisted CIDR you'll get 403 Forbidden in response. So try to verify NPM token from different IP ranges!.

P.S. Some companies uses registries other than registry.npmjs.org. If it's the case replace all registry.npmjs.org occurrences with domain name of company's NPM registry.

Keen.io API Key

Get all collections for a specific project:

curl "https://api.keen.io/3.0/projects/PROJECT_ID/events?api_key=READ_KEY"

Calendly API Key

Get user information:

curl --header "X-TOKEN: <your_token>" https://calendly.com/api/v1/users/me

List Webhook Subscriptions:

curl --header "X-TOKEN: <your_token>" https://calendly.com/api/v1/hooks

Azure Application Insights APP ID and API Key

Get the total number of requests made in last 24 hours:

curl -H "x-api-key: {API_Key}" "https://api.applicationinsights.io/v1/apps/{APP_ID}/metrics/requests/count"

Contributing

I welcome contributions from the public.

Using the issue tracker 💡

The issue tracker is the preferred channel for bug reports and features requests.

Issues and labels 🏷

The bug tracker utilizes several labels to help organize and identify issues.

Guidelines for bug reports 🐛

Use the GitHub issue search — check if the issue has already been reported.

⚠ Legal Disclaimer

This project is made for educational and ethical testing purposes only. Usage of this tool for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this tool.

About

Keyhacks is a repository which shows quick ways in which API keys leaked by a bug bounty program can be checked to see if they're valid.

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