F051: Basic date and time (#109)

In a nutshell, this adds storage support for date/time types and values.
Although, we do not yet support other features such as constants,
functions, comparisons and casting. They can come as a separate features
in the near future.

More specifically, this adds support for:

1. F051-01: `DATE` data type (including support of `DATE` literal).
2. F051-02: `TIME` data type (including support of `TIME` literal) with
fractional seconds precision of at least 0.
3. F051-03: `TIMESTAMP` data type (including support of `TIMESTAMP`
literal) with fractional seconds precision of at least 0 and 6.

The five new distinct data types and their storage requirements are:

1. `DATE` (8 bytes)
2. `TIME(n) WITH TIME ZONE` (10 bytes)
3. `TIME(n) WITHOUT TIME ZONE` or `TIME(n)` (8 bytes)
4. `TIMESTAMP(n) WITH TIME ZONE` (10 bytes)
5. `TIMESTAMP(n) WITHOUT TIME ZONE` or `TIMESTAMP(n)` (8 bytes)

docs/data-types.rst

@@ -82,6 +82,105 @@ is an alias for ``CHARACTER(1)``.
 1. The *n* limit is not yet enforced.
 2. Values are not actually space padded.
 
+Date and Time Types
+-------------------
+
+``DATE``
+^^^^^^^^
+
+A ``DATE`` holds a year-month-day value, such as ``2010-10-25``.
+
+A ``DATE`` value can be created with the ``DATE '2010-10-25'`` literal
+expression.
+
+Valid date ranges are between ``0000-01-01`` and ``9999-12-31``.
+
+A ``DATE`` is stored as 8 bytes.
+
+``TIME(n) WITH TIME ZONE``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Holds a time as hour-minute-second-timezone (without respect to a date),
+for example: ``15:12:47+05:30``.
+
+The ``(n)`` describes the sub-second resolution to be stored. It must be
+inclusively between 0 (whole seconds) and 6 (microseconds). If omitted, 0 is
+used.
+
+A ``TIME(n) WITH TIME ZONE`` value is created with the ``TIME 'VALUE'`` literal
+expression. The ``VALUE`` itself will determine whether the time has a time zone
+and its precision. For example:
+
+.. list-table::
+  :header-rows: 1
+
+  * - Expr
+    - Type
+
+  * - ``TIME '15:12:47'``
+    - ``TIME(0) WITHOUT TIME ZONE``
+
+  * - ``TIME '15:12:47.123'``
+    - ``TIME(3) WITHOUT TIME ZONE``
+
+  * - ``TIME '15:12:47+05:30'``
+    - ``TIME(0) WITH TIME ZONE``
+
+  * - ``TIME '15:12:47.000000+05:30'``
+    - ``TIME(6) WITH TIME ZONE``
+
+A ``TIME WITH TIME ZONE`` (with any precision) is stored as 10 bytes.
+
+``TIME(n) WITHOUT TIME ZONE``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+This works the same way as ``TIME(n) WITH TIME ZONE`` except there is no
+time zone component.
+
+A ``TIME WITHOUT TIME ZONE`` (with any precision) is stored as 8 bytes.
+
+``TIMESTAMP(n) WITH TIME ZONE``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Holds a timestamp as year-month-day-hour-minute-second-timezone, for example:
+``2010-10-25 15:12:47+05:30``.
+
+The ``(n)`` describes the sub-second resolution to be stored. It must be
+inclusively between 0 (whole seconds) and 6 (microseconds). If omitted, 6 is
+used. This is different from the behavior of ``TIME`` that uses 0 by default.
+
+A ``TIMESTAMP(n) WITH TIME ZONE`` value is created with the
+``TIMESTAMP 'VALUE'`` literal expression. The ``VALUE`` itself will determine
+whether the timestamp has a time zone and its precision. For example:
+
+.. list-table::
+  :header-rows: 1
+
+  * - Expr
+    - Type
+
+  * - ``TIMESTAMP '2010-10-25 15:12:47'``
+    - ``TIMESTAMP(0) WITHOUT TIME ZONE``
+
+  * - ``TIMESTAMP '2010-10-25 15:12:47.123'``
+    - ``TIMESTAMP(3) WITHOUT TIME ZONE``
+
+  * - ``TIMESTAMP '2010-10-25 15:12:47+05:30'``
+    - ``TIMESTAMP(0) WITH TIME ZONE``
+
+  * - ``TIMESTAMP '2010-10-25 15:12:47.000000+05:30'``
+    - ``TIMESTAMP(6) WITH TIME ZONE``
+
+A ``TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE`` (with any precision) is stored as 10 bytes.
+
+``TIMESTAMP(n) WITHOUT TIME ZONE``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+This works the same way as ``TIMESTAMP(n) WITH TIME ZONE`` except there is no
+time zone component.
+
+A ``TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE`` (with any precision) is stored as 8 bytes.
+
 Unsupported Data Types
 ----------------------
 
@@ -136,13 +235,6 @@ Some are supported, but the remaining ones that are not supported:
 
 1. ``DECFLOAT``
 
-<datetime type>
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-1. ``DATE``
-2. ``TIME``
-3. ``TIMESTAMP``
-
 <interval type>
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 

docs/sql-compliance.rst

@@ -210,9 +210,41 @@ The following table is **not complete** and will be filled in as time goes on.
      - All comparison operators are supported (rather than just =)
 
    * - **F051**
-     - **Unknown**
+     - **Partial**
      - **Basic date and time**
 
+   * - F051-01
+     - Yes
+     - ``DATE`` data type (including support of ``DATE`` literal)
+
+   * - F051-02
+     - Yes
+     - ``TIME`` data type (including support of ``TIME`` literal) with fractional seconds precision of at least 0.
+
+   * - F051-03
+     - Yes
+     - ``TIMESTAMP`` data type (including support of ``TIMESTAMP`` literal) with fractional seconds precision of at least 0 and 6.
+
+   * - F051-04
+     - No
+     - Comparison predicate on ``DATE``, ``TIME``, and ``TIMESTAMP`` data types
+
+   * - F051-05
+     - No
+     - Explicit ``CAST`` between date-time types and character string types
+
+   * - F051-06
+     - No
+     - ``CURRENT_DATE``
+
+   * - F051-07
+     - No
+     - ``LOCALTIME``
+
+   * - F051-08
+     - No
+     - ``LOCALTIMESTAMP``
+
    * - **F081**
      - **Unknown**
      - **UNION and EXCEPT in views**

generate-grammar.py

@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ def var_name(name):
     if node.children.len == 0 {
         match node.value.name {
             '^integer' {
-                return [EarleyValue(new_integer_value(node.value.end_column.value.int()))]
+                return [EarleyValue(node.value.end_column.value.int())]
             }
             '^identifier' {
                 return [EarleyValue(new_identifier(node.value.end_column.value))]
@@ -513,6 +513,8 @@ def parse_tree(text):
 # parse_tree("SELECT * FROM ( VALUES ROW ( 123 ) , ROW ( 456 ) )")
 # parse_tree("SELECT x FROM ( SELECT y FROM t2 )")
 # parse_tree("SELECT x , y FROM ( SELECT x , y FROM t1 )")
+# parse_tree("VALUES TIMESTAMP '2022-06-30'")
+# parse_tree("INSERT INTO foo ( f1 ) VALUES ( TIMESTAMP '2022-06-30' )")
 
 for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
     print(arg)

grammar.bnf

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@
     <character string type>
   | <numeric type>
   | <boolean type>
+  | <datetime type>
 
 <character string type> /* Type */ ::=
     CHARACTER                                                         -> character
@@ -95,13 +96,13 @@
 
 <right paren> ::= ")"
 
-<character length> /* Value */ ::=
+<character length> /* int */ ::=
     <length>
 
-<length> /* Value */ ::=
+<length> /* int */ ::=
     <unsigned integer>
 
-<unsigned integer> /* Value */ ::=
+<unsigned integer> /* int */ ::=
     ^integer
 
 <comma> ::= ","
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@
   | REAL                                           -> real
   | DOUBLE PRECISION                               -> double_precision
 
-<precision> /* Value */ ::=
+<precision> /* int */ ::=
     <unsigned integer>
 
 <boolean type> /* Type */ ::=
@@ -182,8 +183,8 @@
     <SQL schema statement>
 
 <exact numeric literal> /* Value */ ::=
-    <unsigned integer>
-  | <unsigned integer> <period>                      -> value
+    <unsigned integer>                               -> int_value
+  | <unsigned integer> <period>                      -> int_value
   | <unsigned integer> <period> <unsigned integer>   -> exact_numeric_literal1
   | <period> <unsigned integer>                      -> exact_numeric_literal2
 
@@ -245,6 +246,19 @@
 <common value expression> /* Expr */ ::=
     <numeric value expression>
   | <string value expression>
+  | <datetime value expression>
+
+<datetime value expression> /* Expr */ ::=
+    <datetime term>
+
+<datetime term> /* Expr */ ::=
+    <datetime factor>
+
+<datetime factor> /* Expr */ ::=
+    <datetime primary>
+
+<datetime primary> /* Expr */ ::=
+    <value expression primary>
 
 <value expression> /* Expr */ ::=
     <common value expression>
@@ -365,8 +379,32 @@
 
 <general literal> /* Value */ ::=
     <character string literal>
+  | <datetime literal>
   | <boolean literal>
 
+<datetime literal> /* Value */ ::=
+    <date literal>
+  | <time literal>
+  | <timestamp literal>
+
+<date literal> /* Value */ ::=
+    DATE <date string>   -> date_literal
+
+<date string> /* Value */ ::=
+    ^string
+
+<time literal> /* Value */ ::=
+    TIME <time string>   -> time_literal
+
+<time string> /* Value */ ::=
+    ^string
+
+<timestamp literal> /* Value */ ::=
+    TIMESTAMP <timestamp string>   -> timestamp_literal
+
+<timestamp string> /* Value */ ::=
+    ^string
+
 <boolean literal> /* Value */ ::=
     TRUE      -> true
   | FALSE     -> false
@@ -914,3 +952,34 @@
     INNER
   | <outer join type>
   | <outer join type> OUTER   -> string
+
+<datetime type> /* Type */ ::=
+    DATE                                               -> date_type
+  | TIME                                               -> time_type
+  | TIME <left paren> <time precision> <right paren>   -> time_prec_type
+  | TIME <with or without time zone>                   -> time_tz_type
+  | TIME <left paren> <time precision> <right paren>
+    <with or without time zone>                        -> time_prec_tz_type
+  | TIMESTAMP                                          -> timestamp_type
+  | TIMESTAMP
+    <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren>   -> timestamp_prec_type
+  | TIMESTAMP <with or without time zone>              -> timestamp_tz_type
+  | TIMESTAMP
+    <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren>
+    <with or without time zone>                        -> timestamp_prec_tz_type
+
+<time precision> /* int */ ::=
+    <time fractional seconds precision>
+
+<time fractional seconds precision> /* int */ ::=
+    <unsigned integer>
+
+<with or without time zone> /* bool */ ::=
+    WITH TIME ZONE      -> yes
+  | WITHOUT TIME ZONE   -> no
+
+<timestamp precision> /* int */ ::=
+    <time fractional seconds precision>
+
+<time fractional seconds precision> /* int */ ::=
+    <unsigned integer>

tests/create-table.sql

@@ -66,3 +66,42 @@ CREATE TABLE "Foo" (baz CHARACTER VARYING(10));
 
 CREATE TABLE t1 (f1 CHARACTER VARYING(10), f2 FLOAT NOT NULL);
 -- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar DATE);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIME);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIME(3));
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIME WITHOUT TIME ZONE);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIME(3) WITHOUT TIME ZONE);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIME WITH TIME ZONE);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIME(3) WITH TIME ZONE);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIMESTAMP);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIMESTAMP(3));
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIMESTAMP(3) WITHOUT TIME ZONE);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1
+
+CREATE TABLE foo (bar TIMESTAMP(3) WITH TIME ZONE);
+-- msg: CREATE TABLE 1