[Field Formatters] Update color formatter UI (#206883)

## Summary
This PR updates color formatter UI to match design suggested in
#123527 (comment)

I have few questions @elastic/kibana-data-discovery :
1. I left prepend for inputs to be the same as the column names in
previous implementations - should they be shortened? `Pattern (regular
expression)` -> `Pattern`
`Range (min:max)` -> `Range`
2. The design from original comment mentions adding a help link - should
this be added? If so, only for regex? Where would the link lead to?

Closes: #202620