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Implementing a Basic 2D Physics Engine with Visual Output

Scenario:

Implement a simplified 2D physics engine in Python using [Specify library, e.g., Pygame, Turtle, or a web-based canvas library like p5.js if applicable] to visually simulate the motion of multiple objects under the influence of gravity and collisions.

Requirements:

  1. Object Representation:

    • Create a class or data structure to represent 2D objects with properties such as position, velocity, mass, and size.

  2. Gravity Simulation:

    • Implement a function or method that updates the velocity of each object based on a constant downward gravitational force.

  3. Collision Detection:

    • Implement a function or method to detect collisions between objects (e.g., using simple circle collision detection or bounding box collision).

  4. Collision Response:

    • When a collision is detected, update the velocities of the colliding objects to simulate a simple elastic collision (e.g., using momentum conservation).

  5. Visual Output:

    • Use [Specify library] to visually represent the objects and their motion. Display the objects as circles or simple shapes.

  6. Animation Loop:

    • Create an animation loop that updates the object positions based on their velocities, applies gravity, detects collisions, and renders the objects on the screen.

  7. Multiple Objects:

    • Simulate the motion of at least three objects with different initial positions and velocities.

  8. Boundary Conditions:

    • Implement boundary conditions, such as bouncing off the edges of the screen or a simple floor.

  9. Clear Comments:

    • Add comments to explain the physics, collision detection, and rendering logic.

Evaluation:

The solution will be evaluated based on:

  • The accuracy and realism of the physics simulation.
  • The correctness of the collision detection and response.
  • The smoothness and visual clarity of the animation.
  • The organization and readability of the code.
  • The inclusion of clear comments.

Optional Enhancements:

  • Allow the user to interact with the simulation (e.g., adding or removing objects, changing gravity).
  • Implement more advanced collision detection (e.g., polygon collisions).
  • Add different types of forces (e.g., wind, friction).
  • Implement a simple particle system.

Note:

  • If you are using a library that requires specific setup or dependencies, please include the necessary installation instructions and example code for setting up the environment.