build(deps): bump alpine to 3.21, golang to 1.23.6

[lklimek]

Issue being fixed or feature implemented

Go >= 1.23.5 is needed by #1041

Unfortunately, it's not supported by Alpine 3.19, so we update to the newest one (3.21).

What was done?

Updated Golang to 1.23.6
Updated Alpine to 3.21

How Has This Been Tested?

GHA

Breaking Changes

New version of go is required to build

Checklist:

• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have added or updated relevant unit/integration/functional/e2e tests
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation

For repository code-owners and collaborators only

• I have assigned this pull request to a milestone

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Chores

  • Upgraded the Go environment from version 1.23.2 to 1.23.6 across CI pipelines, testing workflows, and Docker builds to enhance stability and performance.

• Documentation

  • Updated the minimum Go version requirement.
  • Enhanced tutorials with detailed, step-by-step guidance for setting up a new project, integrating a database, and testing transactions.

[coderabbitai]

Walkthrough

This pull request updates the Go version from 1.23.2 to 1.23.6 across multiple configuration and documentation files. The changes span GitHub Actions workflows, Dockerfiles, module definitions, and user guides. Additionally, the tutorials have been expanded to include detailed instructions for building a Tendermint Core key-value store application with new method implementations. No modifications to the underlying logic or control flow were introduced apart from these version updates and tutorial enhancements.

Changes

File(s)	Change Summary
.github/actions/bls/action.yml, .github/workflows/{build.yml, check-generated.yml, e2e.yml, lint.yml, release.yml, tests.yml}	Updated Go version from 1.23.2 to 1.23.6 in GitHub Actions workflows.
DOCKER/…/Dockerfile, test/e2e/docker/Dockerfile	Updated ARG GOLANG_VERSION from 1.23.2 to 1.23.6 in Dockerfiles.
README.md, go.mod, test/fuzz/README.md	Updated Go version requirements from 1.23.2 to 1.23.6.
docs/tutorials/{go-built-in.md, go.md}	Expanded tutorial content for building a Tendermint Core key-value store application, including new methods and additional configuration instructions, with the Go version updated to 1.23.6.

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Tendermint
    participant KVStoreApp
    participant Database

    Client->>Tendermint: Send Transaction
    Tendermint->>KVStoreApp: CheckTx
    KVStoreApp-->>Tendermint: Validate Transaction
    Tendermint->>KVStoreApp: DeliverTx
    KVStoreApp->>Database: Update State
    KVStoreApp-->>Tendermint: Deliver Response
    Tendermint->>KVStoreApp: Commit
    KVStoreApp->>Database: Commit Changes
    KVStoreApp-->>Tendermint: Commit Response
    Client->>Tendermint: Query State
    Tendermint->>KVStoreApp: Query
    KVStoreApp-->>Tendermint: Return State

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Possibly related PRs

• build(deps): go 1.23, mockery 2.46.2, golangci-lint 1.61 #954: Updates the Go version from 1.23.2 to 1.23.6 in various workflow files, establishing a direct connection at the code level.

Suggested reviewers

• QuantumExplorer
• shumkov

Poem

Oh, how I hop through lines of code,
Skipping from version to version with a joyful mode.
From 1.23.2 to 1.23.6 I leap,
In workflows and docs, treasures I keep.
A rabbit’s tune in ASCII delight,
Celebrating changes that now shine so bright!
🐇✨

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