Add clang++-17 compiler to Linux workflow #782

Job	Run time
msbuild (windows-2019, MSVC, Debug)	3m 19s
msbuild (windows-2019, MSVC, Release)	3m 5s
msbuild (windows-2022, ClangCL, Debug)	3m 46s
msbuild (windows-2022, ClangCL, Release)	3m 27s
msbuild (windows-2022, MSVC, Debug)	3m 32s
msbuild (windows-2022, MSVC, Release)	3m 37s
cmake (windows-2019, MSVC, Debug, Win32)	9m 5s
cmake (windows-2019, MSVC, Debug, x64)	7m 3s
cmake (windows-2019, MSVC, Release, Win32)	10m 24s
cmake (windows-2019, MSVC, Release, x64)	8m 58s
cmake (windows-2022, ClangCL, Debug, Win32)	7m 28s
cmake (windows-2022, ClangCL, Debug, x64)	7m 27s
cmake (windows-2022, ClangCL, Release, Win32)	7m 34s
cmake (windows-2022, ClangCL, Release, x64)	9m 30s
cmake (windows-2022, MSVC, Debug, Win32)	6m 59s
cmake (windows-2022, MSVC, Debug, x64)	7m 18s
cmake (windows-2022, MSVC, Release, Win32)	8m 2s
cmake (windows-2022, MSVC, Release, x64)	7m 54s
	1h 58m 28s

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