release-24.3: roachtest: allow for overriding mvt planner params through env vars

[srosenberg]

Backport 1/1 commits from #137312.

/cc @cockroachdb/release

---

When debugging mixed version tests, one often wishes to generate a specific
upgrade path or use a specific deployment mode. The latter is not possible
without changing the source code while the former is not supported at all.

This change exposes two env vars, MVT_UPGRADE_PATH and MVT_DEPLOYMENT_MODE
to allow for overriding mixed version plan generation.

Release note: none
Epic: none
Fixes: none
Release justification: test-only change

[blathers-crl]

Thanks for opening a backport.

Please check the backport criteria before merging:

• Backports should only be created for serious
  issues or test-only changes.
• Backports should not break backwards-compatibility.
• Backports should change as little code as possible.
• Backports should not change on-disk formats or node communication protocols.
• Backports should not add new functionality (except as defined
  here).
• Backports must not add, edit, or otherwise modify cluster versions; or add version gates.
• All backports must be reviewed by the owning areas TL. For more information as to how that review should be conducted, please consult the backport
  policy.

If your backport adds new functionality, please ensure that the following additional criteria are satisfied:

• There is a high priority need for the functionality that cannot wait until the next release and is difficult to address in another way.
• The new functionality is additive-only and only runs for clusters which have specifically “opted in” to it (e.g. by a cluster setting).
• New code is protected by a conditional check that is trivial to verify and ensures that it only runs for opt-in clusters. State changes must be further protected such that nodes running old binaries will not be negatively impacted by the new state (with a mixed version test added).
• The PM and TL on the team that owns the changed code have signed off that the change obeys the above rules.
• Your backport must be accompanied by a post to the appropriate Slack
  channel (#db-backports-point-releases or #db-backports-XX-X-release) for awareness and discussion.

Also, please add a brief release justification to the body of your PR to justify this
backport.

[cockroach-teamcity]

This change is 

[srosenberg]

Need it for #137963 to close out #140059

[srosenberg]

TFTR!