Enable basic type checking and linting via pre-commit

[jgadling]

This is a very early attempt to enable standard linting for consistency in line length, variable names, and annotations.
I've also updated this repo to use a consistent version of python across all of our containers and packages and tests.

I've had to add in a few workarounds for some code that was nowhere near passing lint and type checking:

• Right now untyped function definitions are allowed. This is really bad! However there are hundreds of functions that need annotating. We can update them piecemeal.
• I've added a few #noqa comments on lines that are either low-priority or extremely difficult to fix.
• the code in platformics/api/relay and platformics/thirdparty was very far away from being able to be type-checked well, so those are ignored in our mypy configurations at the moment.