New noise support in tnsim

[kkyusuke]

Description

This pull request suggests to introduce new noise model for qudits.
It consists of two ideas: "Mathematical Noise" & "Physical Noise".
There are some limitations as follows now.

• The data structure of Noise is defined.
• It is supported by only tnsim, not misim.
  • To clear the tests, some code changes are made in misim.
  • However, misim cannot simulate neither correctly.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[github-advanced-security]

CodeQL found more than 20 potential problems in the proposed changes. Check the Files changed tab for more details.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 93.75000% with 15 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 76.0%. Comparing base (fc62c6b) to head (a7af12c).
Report is 2 commits behind head on new-noise-aware-sims.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/mqt/qudits/quantum_circuit/gates/noise_x.py	89.3%	5 Missing ⚠️
src/mqt/qudits/quantum_circuit/gates/noise_y.py	89.3%	5 Missing ⚠️
...ts/simulation/noise_tools/noisy_circuit_factory.py	94.6%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/mqt/qudits/simulation/noise_tools/noise.py	98.1%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@                  Coverage Diff                   @@
##           new-noise-aware-sims     #83     +/-   ##
======================================================
+ Coverage                  75.2%   76.0%   +0.7%     
======================================================
  Files                       118     120      +2     
  Lines                      6285    6486    +201     
  Branches                    281     281             
======================================================
+ Hits                       4727    4930    +203     
+ Misses                     1558    1556      -2     

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
cpp	61.9% <ø> (ø)		Carriedforward from f756958
python	80.7% <93.7%> (+0.8%)	⬆️

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/mqt/qudits/quantum_circuit/circuit.py	89.7% <100.0%> (+0.3%)	⬆️
src/mqt/qudits/quantum_circuit/gates/__init__.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
...imulation/backends/fake_backends/fake_traps2six.py	97.8% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
...ulation/backends/fake_backends/fake_traps2three.py	97.8% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
...imulation/backends/fake_backends/fake_traps3six.py	98.0% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
src/mqt/qudits/simulation/noise_tools/__init__.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qudits/simulation/noise_tools/noise.py	98.6% <98.1%> (+16.8%)	⬆️
...ts/simulation/noise_tools/noisy_circuit_factory.py	95.5% <94.6%> (+7.1%)	⬆️
src/mqt/qudits/quantum_circuit/gates/noise_x.py	89.3% <89.3%> (ø)
src/mqt/qudits/quantum_circuit/gates/noise_y.py	89.3% <89.3%> (ø)

... and 5 files with indirect coverage changes