Added state preparation compiler feature

[KevinMTO]

Overview:
This PR adds a new feature to the compiler, enabling it to create a sequence of (multi-controlled) operations that will prepare the circuit to a specific state input by the user.

Description:

• Support Data Structure: Added a support data structure called "micro_dd", which resembles Decision Diagrams. This structure is used to keep track of specific elements within the state and to aid in synthesizing the operations.
• Synthesis Routine: Implemented a routine for synthesizing state preparation circuits.
• State Functions: Added functions to call famous states for preparation.
• Testing: Included tests to verify the functionality of the new feature.

Checklist:

• I have added tests that prove my feature works.
• All new and existing tests passed.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 84.67153% with 63 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 72.8%. Comparing base (de01837) to head (fa6e421).
Report is 22 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/mqt/qudits/core/micro_dd.py	79.2%	43 Missing ⚠️
...ts/compiler/state_compilation/state_preparation.py	92.8%	8 Missing ⚠️
src/mqt/qudits/quantum_circuit/circuit.py	14.2%	6 Missing ⚠️
...udits/compiler/state_compilation/retrieve_state.py	94.8%	4 Missing ⚠️
...tional_twodit_compilation/opt/distance_measures.py	66.6%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main     #28     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   69.7%   72.8%   +3.1%     
=======================================
  Files        105     108      +3     
  Lines       4964    5375    +411     
  Branches     263     263             
=======================================
+ Hits        3462    3917    +455     
+ Misses      1502    1458     -44     

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
cpp	73.7% <ø> (ø)		Carriedforward from 695cd9e
python	72.5% <84.6%> (+4.4%)	⬆️

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/mqt/qudits/quantum_circuit/gate.py	83.8% <100.0%> (+0.2%)	⬆️
...tional_twodit_compilation/opt/distance_measures.py	35.1% <66.6%> (+35.1%)	⬆️
...udits/compiler/state_compilation/retrieve_state.py	94.8% <94.8%> (ø)
src/mqt/qudits/quantum_circuit/circuit.py	92.9% <14.2%> (-2.7%)	⬇️
...ts/compiler/state_compilation/state_preparation.py	92.8% <92.8%> (ø)
src/mqt/qudits/core/micro_dd.py	79.2% <79.2%> (ø)

... and 11 files with indirect coverage changes