[PM-12617] native-messaging: Add chromium support

[alexyao2015]

Tracking

https://bitwarden.atlassian.net/browse/PM-12617

📔 Objective

Add support for system authentication support in Chromium on linux.

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Protected functional changes with optionality (feature flags)
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation (Confluence, contributing docs) or informed the documentation team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[bitwarden-bot]

Thank you for your contribution! We've added this to our internal Community PR board for review.
ID: PM-12617

[quexten]

Changes look good, though I feel follow-up work is needed so that no PR is needed for every single browser. Thank you for the PR!

[alexyao2015]

I don't see a way to automatically support every chromium based browser because they all have their profile in different directories.

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[quexten]

Seems the CLAassistant was broken for a while, @alexyao2015 could you sign the CLA? Then I can hand this off to QA and get it merged.
You were too fast. Thank you!

[quexten]

Looks good, just needs QA now.

[quexten]

QA passed; merging. Thanks again for the PR!